File Allocation TableFile system used by MS-DOS and Windows 9xFile Allocation Table (FAT) is a file system developed for personal computers and was the default file system for the DOS and Windows 9x operating systems. Originally developed in 1977 for use on floppy disks, it was adapted for use on hard disks and other devices. The increase in disk drive capacity over time drove modifications to the design that resulted in new versions: FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, and exFAT.
Windows NTWindows NT is a proprietarygraphicaloperating system produced by Microsoft as part of its Windows product line, originally released for the workstation, office, and server markets as Windows NT 3.1 on July 27, 1993, and later available to consumers since the release of Windows XP in 2001.
Shadow CopyShadow Copy (also known as Volume Snapshot Service, Volume Shadow Copy Service or VSS) is a technology included in Microsoft Windows that can create backup copies or snapshots of computer files or volumes, even when they are in use. It is implemented as a Windows service called the Volume Shadow Copy service. A software VSS provider service is also included as part of Windows to be used by Windows applications.Journaling file systemA journaling file system is a file system that keeps track of changes not yet committed to the file system's main part by recording the goal of such changes in a data structure known as a "journal", which is usually a circular log. In the event of a system crash or power failure, such file systems can be brought back online more quickly with a lower likelihood of becoming corrupted.High Performance File SystemHPFS (High Performance File System) is a file system created specifically for the OS/2 operating system to improve upon the limitations of the FAT file system. It was written by Gordon Letwin and others at Microsoft and added to OS/2 version 1.2, at that time still a joint undertaking of Microsoft and IBM, and released in 1988.
Sparse fileIn computer science, a sparse file is a type of computer file that attempts to use file system space more efficiently when the file itself is partially empty. This is achieved by writing brief information (metadata) representing the empty blocks to the data storage media instead of the actual "empty" space which makes up the block, thus consuming less storage space. The full block is written to the media as the actual size only when the block contains "real" (non-empty) data.Windows NT 3.1Windows NT 3.1 is the first major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft, released on July 27, 1993. It marked the company's entry into the corporate computing environment, designed to support large networks and to be portable, compiled for Intel x86, DEC Alpha and MIPS based workstations and servers.
Linux kernelFree Unix-like operating system kernelThe Linux kernel is a free and open-sourceUnix-likekernel that is used in many computer systems worldwide. The kernel was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and was soon adopted as the kernel for the GNUoperating system (OS), which was created to be a free replacement for Unix. Since the late 1990s, it has been included in many operating system distributions, many of which are called Linux.
MicrosoftMicrosoft Corporation is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Redmond, Washington. The company became influential in the rise of personal computers through software like Windows and has since expanded into areas such as Internet services, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, video gaming, and more.
Berkeley Software DistributionThe Berkeley Software Distribution, also known as BSD or Berkeley UNIX, is a Unix based operating system developed and distributed by the Computer Systems Research Group at the University of California, Berkeley. BSD released in 1978, it began as an improved derivative of AT&T's original Unix developed at Bell Labs. Bill Joy and Ozalp Babaoglu led early development. The BSD project received funding from DARPA until 1988.
LinuxFamily of Unix-like operating systems that use the Linux kernelOperating systemLinux ( ) is a family of free and open-source softwareUnix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, which was first released on 17 September 1991 by Linus Torvalds.Access-control listIn computer security, an access-control list (ACL) is a list of permissions associated with a system resource (object or facility). An ACL specifies which users or system processes are granted access to resources, as well as what operations are allowed on given resources. Each entry in a typical ACL specifies a subject and an operation.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.