ActinFamily of proteins that form microfilamentsProtein familyActin is a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments in the cytoskeleton, and the thin filaments in muscle fibrils. It is found in essentially all eukaryotic cells, where it may be present at a concentration of over 100 μM; its mass is roughly 42 kDa, with a diameter of 4 to 7 nm.
Muscle contractionMuscle contraction is the activation of tension-generating sites within muscle cells. In physiology, muscle contraction does not necessarily mean muscle shortening because muscle tension can be produced without changes in muscle length (isometric contraction), such as when holding something heavy in the same position. The termination of muscle contraction is followed by muscle relaxation, which is a return of the muscle fibers to their low tension-generating state.
Skeletal muscleOne of three major types of muscleSkeletal muscle (commonly referred to as muscle) is one of the three types of vertebratemuscle tissue, the others being cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. They are part of the musculoskeletal system, and typically are attached by tendons to the bones of a skeleton. The skeletal muscle cells (myocytes) are much longer than in the other types of muscle tissue, and are also known as muscle fibers.
Adenosine triphosphateNames IUPAC nameAdenosine 5′-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate)Systematic IUPAC nameO-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl} tetrahydrogen triphosphateIdentifiers CAS Number56-65-5 (free acid)34369-07-8 (disodium salt hydrate)3D model (JSmol)Interactive imageInteractive imageChEBICHEBI:15422ChEMBLChEMBL14249ChemSpider5742DrugBankDB00171ECHA InfoCard100.000.258IUPHAR/BPS1713KEGGC00002PubChemCID5957UNII8L70Q75FXECompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID6022559InChIInChI=1S/C10H16N5O13P3/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(26-10)1-25-30(21,22)28-31(23,24)27-29(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1Key: ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-NKey: ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUBGSMILESO=P(O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@H]3O[C@@H](n2cnc1c(ncnc12)N)[C@H](O)[C@@H]3Oc1nc(c2c(n1)n(cn2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)O)O)O)NProperties Chemical formulaC10H16N5O13P3Molar mass507.18 g/mol Density1.04 g/cm (disodium salt) Melting point187 °C (369 °F; 460 K) disodium salt; decomposes Acidity (pKa) 0.9, 1.4, 3.8, 6.5 UV-vis (λmax) 259 nm Absorbanceε259 = 15.4 mM cm Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Yverify ( ?)
Motor proteinMotor proteins are a class of molecular motors that can move along the cytoskeleton of cells. They do this by converting chemical energy into mechanical work by the hydrolysis of ATP.
Protein familyA protein family is a group of evolutionarily related proteins. In many cases, a protein family has a corresponding gene family, in which each gene encodes a corresponding protein with a 1:1 relationship. The term "protein family" should not be confused with family as it is used in taxonomy. Proteins in a family descend from a common ancestor and typically have similar three-dimensional structures, functions, and significant sequence similarity.
Striated muscle tissueStriated muscle tissue is a muscle tissue that features repeating functional units called sarcomeres. Under the microscope, sarcomeres are visible along muscle fibers, giving a striated appearance to the tissue. The two types of striated muscle are skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle.
Wilhelm KühneWilhelm Friedrich Kühne (28 March 1837 – 10 June 1900) was a German physiologist. He coined the word enzyme in 1878.
Cell (biology)Basic unit of life formsThe cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life or organisms. The term comes from the Latin word cellula meaning 'small room'. A biological cell basically consists of a semipermeablecell membrane enclosing cytoplasm that contains genetic material. Most cells are only visible under a microscope.
MotilityMotility is the ability of an organism to move independently by using metabolic energy. DefinitionsMotility, the ability of an organism to move independently, using metabolic energy, can be contrasted with sessility, the state of organisms that do not possess a means of self-locomotion and are normally immobile. Motility differs from mobility, the ability of an object to be moved.
ATPaseATPases (EC 3.6.1.3, Adenosine 5'-TriPhosphatase, adenylpyrophosphatase, ATP monophosphatase, triphosphatase, ATP hydrolase, adenosine triphosphatase) are a class of enzymes that catalyze the decomposition of ATP into ADP and a free phosphate ion or the inverse reaction. This dephosphorylation reaction releases energy, which the enzyme (in most cases) harnesses to drive other chemical reactions that would not otherwise occur.
EukaryoteDomain of life whose cells have nucleiThe eukaryotes () are cellularorganisms of the domainEukaryota or Eukarya, which have a distinct cell nucleus (formed by a nuclear membrane), membrane-bound organelles and organization supported by a cytoskeleton. Extant eukaryotes are traditionally grouped into four kingdoms: animals, plants, fungi and protists.
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