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Multivibrator

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A multivibrator is an electronic circuit used to implement a variety of simple two-state devices such as relaxation oscillators, timers, latches and flip-flops. The first multivibrator circuit, the astable multivibrator oscillator, was invented by Henri Abraham and Eugene Bloch during World War I. It consisted of two vacuum tube amplifiers cross-coupled by a resistor-capacitor network. They called their circuit a "multivibrator" because its output waveform was rich in harmonics.

Flip-flop (electronics)Flip-flop (electronics)In electronics, flip-flops and latches are circuits that have two stable states that can store state information – a bistable multivibrator. The circuit can be made to change state by signals applied to one or more control inputs and will output its state (often along with its logical complement). It is the basic storage element in sequential logic.Relaxation oscillatorRelaxation oscillatorIn electronics, a relaxation oscillator is a nonlinearelectronic oscillator circuit that produces a nonsinusoidal repetitive output signal, such as a triangle wave or square wave.Electronic oscillatorElectronic oscillatorAn electronic oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces a periodic, oscillating or alternating current (AC) signal, usually a sine wave, square wave or a triangle wave, powered by a direct current (DC) source. Oscillators are found in many electronic devices, such as radio receivers, television sets, radio and television broadcast transmitters, computers, computer peripherals, cellphones, radar, and many other devices.Electronic circuitElectronic circuitAn electronic circuit is composed of individual electronic components, such as resistors, transistors, capacitors, inductors and diodes, connected by conductive wires or traces through which electric current can flow. It is a type of electrical circuit. For a circuit to be referred to as electronic, rather than electrical, generally at least one active component must be present.Frequency dividerFrequency dividerA frequency divider, also called a clock divider or scaler or prescaler, is a circuit that takes an input signal of a frequency, fin{\displaystyle f_{in}}, and generates an output signal of a frequency: fout=finN{\displaystyle f_{out}={\frac {f_{in}}{N}}}where N{\displaystyle N} is an integer. Phase-locked loopfrequency synthesizers make use of frequency dividers to generate a frequency that is a multiple of a reference frequency.Integrated circuitIntegrated circuitElectronic circuit formed on a small, flat piece of semiconductor materialA microscope image of an integrated circuit die used to control LCDs. The pinouts are the dark circles surrounding the integrated circuit.An integrated circuit (IC), also known as a microchip or simply chip, is a compact assembly of electronic circuits formed from various electronic components, such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors, and their interconnections.Henri AbrahamHenri AbrahamHenri Azariah Abraham (12 July 1868–22 December 1943) was a French physicist who made important contributions to the science of radio waves. He performed some of the first measurements of the propagation velocity of radio waves, helped develop France's first triodevacuum tube, and with Eugene Bloch invented the astable multivibrator. He was executed at Auschwitz during the Holocaust. LifeHenri Abraham was born on 12 July 1868 in the 1st arrondissement of Paris.Eugene BlochEugene BlochEugène Bloch (10 June 1878 – 1944) was a French physicist and professor at the École Normale Supérieure, and at the Faculty of Science of the University of Paris. Early life and educationBloch was born on 10 June 1878 in Soultz-Haut-Rhin, Alsace-Lorraine, in the German Empire. His father, an industrialist in the textile industry, sold his Alsatian factory and settled in Paris to give his two sons Leon and Eugène a French education.HarmonicHarmonicIn physics, acoustics, and telecommunications, a harmonic is a sinusoidal wave with a frequency that is a positive integer multiple of the fundamental frequency of a periodic signal. The fundamental frequency is also called the 1st harmonic; the other harmonics are known as higher harmonics. As all harmonics are periodic at the fundamental frequency, the sum of harmonics is also periodic at that frequency. The set of harmonics forms a harmonic series.TimerTimerA timer or countdown timer is a type of clock that starts from a specified time duration and stops upon reaching 00:00. It can also usually be stopped manually before the whole duration has elapsed. An example of a simple timer is an hourglass. Commonly, a timer triggers an alarm when it ends. A timer can be implemented through hardware or software. Stopwatches operate in the opposite direction, upwards from 00:00, measuring elapsed time since a given time instant.OctaveOctaveIn music, an octave (from Latin octavus'eighth') or perfect octave (sometimes called the diapason) is an interval between two tones, one having twice the frequency of vibration of the other. For instance, the interval between C4 and C5 (in scientific pitch notation) is an octave. Audio playback is not supported in your browser.World War IWorld War IGlobal conflict from 1914 to 1918BelligerentsAllied Powers: France United Kingdom and Empire:Australia Canada Ceylon EgyptNewfoundlandNew Zealand India South Africa Russia (until 1917) Italy (from 1915) United States(from 1917) Japanand others ...Central Powers: GermanyAustria-HungaryOttoman Empire Bulgaria (from 1915)and others ...Commanders and leadersCasualties and losses 15–22 million deaths (military and civilian)World War I, or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

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