Video camera tubeVideo camera tubes are devices based on the cathode-ray tube that were used in television cameras to capture television images, prior to the introduction of charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensors in the 1980s. Several different types of tubes were in use from the early 1930s, and as late as the 1990s. In these tubes, an electron beam is scanned across an image of the scene to be broadcast focused on a target.
PhosphorA phosphor is a substance that exhibits the phenomenon of luminescence; it emits light when exposed to some type of radiant energy. The term is used both for fluorescent or phosphorescent substances which glow on exposure to ultraviolet or visible light, and cathodoluminescent substances which glow when struck by an electron beam (cathode rays) in a cathode-ray tube.
Character generatorA character generator, often abbreviated as CG, is a device or software that produces static or animated text (such as news crawls and credits rolls) for keying into a video stream. Modern character generators are computer-based, and they can generate graphics as well as text.
Screen burn-inScreen burn-in, image burn-in, ghost image, or shadow image, is a permanent discoloration of areas on an electronic visual display such as a cathode-ray tube (CRT) or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) in a computer monitor or television set. It is caused by cumulative non-uniform use of the screen. Newer liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) may suffer from a phenomenon called image persistence instead, which is not permanent.
Test cardA test card, also known as a test pattern or start-up/closedown test, is a television test signal, typically broadcast at times when the transmitter is active but no program is being broadcast (often at sign-on and sign-off), and may be accompanied by a bleep sound. Used since the earliest TV broadcasts, test cards were originally physical cards at which a television camera was pointed, allowing for simple adjustments of picture quality.Text modeText mode is a computer display mode in which content is internally represented on a computer screen in terms of characters rather than individual pixels. Typically, the screen consists of a uniform rectangular grid of character cells, each of which contains one of the characters of a character set; at the same time, contrasted to graphics mode or other kinds of computer graphics modes.
Beam deflection tubeBeam deflection tubes, sometimes known as sheet beam tubes, are vacuum tubes with an electron gun, a beam intensity control grid, a screen grid, sometimes a suppressor grid, and two electrostatic deflection electrodes on opposite sides of the electron beam that can direct the rectangular beam to either of two anodes in the same plane. They can be used as two-quadrant, single-balanced mixers or (de)modulators with very linear qualities.
Indian-head test patternThe Indian-head test pattern is a test card that gained widespread adoption during the black-and-white television broadcasting era as an aid in the calibration of television equipment. It features a drawing of a Native American wearing a headdress surrounded by numerous graphic elements designed to test different aspects of broadcast display.
VideoVideo is an electronic medium used for the recording, copying, playback, transmission, and display of moving visual images and pictures, with or without accompanying audio. Video technology was initially developed for live transmission and later expanded to include recording and storage through analog formats such as magnetic tape.
Cathode ray tubeVacuum tube used to display imagesCathode ray tube cross section diagram (not to scale) with its focused and deflected electron beam (in green)Oscilloscope cathode ray tubeCutaway rendering of a color CRT:Electron guns (cathodes) for red, green, and blueElectron beamsFocusing coilsDeflection coilsAnode connectionShadow mask for separating beams for red, green, and blue parts of the displayed imagePhosphor layerClose-up of the phosphor layer showing red, green, and blue zonesCutaway rendering of a monochrome CRT:Deflection coilsElectron beamFocusing coilPhosphor layerFilament for heating the cathodeGraphite layer on the inner side of the tubeAnode connectionElectron gun (cathode)Air-tight glass body of the tubeScreenDeflection yokeControl electrode modulating the intensity of the electron beamContact pins for cathode, filament and control electrodeWire for anode high voltageThe only visible differences are the single electron gun, the uniform white phosphor coating, and the lack of a shadow mask.A Macintosh computer from the 1990s with integrated CRT displayA cathode ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing one or more electron guns, which emit electron beams, which are directed and controlled to display images on a phosphorescent screen.
Solid-state electronicsSolid-state electronics are semiconductor electronics: electronic equipment that use semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes and integrated circuits (ICs).
Computer terminalA computer terminal is an electronic or electromechanical hardware device that can be used for entering data into, and transcribing data from, a computer or a computing system. Most early computers only had a front panel to input or display bits and had to be connected to a terminal to print or input text through a keyboard. Teleprinters were used as early-day hard-copy terminals and predated the use of a computer screen by decades.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.