MonocercomonasMonocercomonas is a Parabasalian genus belonging to the order Trichomonadida. It presents four flagella, three forward-facing and one trailing, without the presence of a costa or any kind of undulating membrane. Monocercomonas is found in animal guts. and is susceptible to cause Monocercomoniasis in reptiles EtymologyMono: single, kerko: tail (one trailing flagella) monas from monad. HistoryThe first description of this genus was made by Grassi in 1979. Monocercomonas sp.
ParabasalidThe parabasalids are a group of flagellated protists within the supergroup Excavata. Most of these eukaryoticorganisms form a symbiotic relationships with animals. These include a variety of forms found in the intestines of termites and cockroaches, many of which have symbiotic bacteria that help them digest cellulose in woody plants. Other species within this supergroup are known parasites and include human pathogens.
RetortamonadThe retortamonads are a small group of flagellates, most commonly found in the intestines of animals as commensals, although a free-living species called the Chilomastix cuspidata exists. They are grouped under the taxon Archezoa. They are usually around 5-20 μm in length, and all of their small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences are very similar to each other. There are two genera: Retortamonas with two flagella, and Chilomastix with four.
TritrichomonasTritrichomonas is a genus of single-celled flagellated parasitic excavates, some of whose species are known to be pathogens of the bovine reproductive tract as well as the intestinal tract of felines.
DiplomonadThe diplomonads (Greek for "two units") are a group of flagellates, most of which are parasitic. They include Giardia duodenalis, which causes giardiasis in humans. They are placed among the metamonads, and appear to be particularly close relatives of the retortamonads. MorphologyMost diplomonads are double cells: they have two nuclei, each with several associated flagella, arranged symmetrically about the body's main axis.
EukaryoteDomain of life whose cells have nucleiThe eukaryotes () are cellularorganisms of the domainEukaryota or Eukarya, which have a distinct cell nucleus (formed by a nuclear membrane), membrane-bound organelles and organization supported by a cytoskeleton. Extant eukaryotes are traditionally grouped into four kingdoms: animals, plants, fungi and protists.OxymonadThe oxymonads (or Oxymonadida) are a group of flagellated protists found exclusively in the intestines of animals, mostly in termites and other wood-eating insects. Along with the similar parabasalid flagellates, they harbor the symbiotic bacteria that are responsible for breaking down cellulose.
Giardia duodenalisGiardia duodenalis, also known as Giardia intestinalis and Giardia lamblia, is a flagellatedparasiticprotozoan microorganism of the genus Giardia that colonizes the small intestine, causing a diarrheal condition known as giardiasis. The parasite attaches to the intestinal epithelium by a ventral disc (syn. adhesive disc or sucker), and reproduces via binary fission.
MammalA mammal (from Latin'breast') is a vertebrate animal of the classMammalia (). Mammals are characterized by the presence of milk-producing mammary glands for feeding their young, a broad neocortex region of the brain, fur or hair, and three middle ear bones. These characteristics distinguish them from reptiles and birds, from which their ancestors diverged in the Carboniferous period over 300 million years ago.
ParasitismType of interaction between speciesA fish parasite, the isopod Cymothoa exigua, replacing the tongue of a LithognathusParasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives (at least some of the time) on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.
FlagellateA flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella. The word flagellate also describes a particular construction (or level of organization) characteristic of many prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their means of motion. The term presently does not imply any specific relationship or classification of the organisms that possess flagella.
Anaerobic organismAn anaerobic organism or anaerobe is an organism that does not require molecular oxygen for growth or energy metabolism. Anaerobes produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by fermentation, anaerobic respiration, or both. During anaerobic respiration, substances other than oxygen serve as the terminal electron acceptor. Anaerobes are commonly classified according to their relationship with oxygen. Obligate anaerobes are harmed by it.
SymbiosisSymbiosis (pl.: symbioses) is any close and long-term biological interaction between two organisms of different species. In 1879, Heinrich Anton de Bary defined symbiosis as "the living together of unlike organisms". The term is sometimes more exclusively used in a restricted, mutualistic sense, where both symbionts contribute to each other's subsistence. This means that they benefit each other in some way. Symbiosis is diverse and can be classified in multiple ways.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.