Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-GhaziAhmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Arabic: أحمد بن إبراهيم الغازي, Harari: አሕመድ ኢብራሂም አል-ጋዚ, Somali: Axmed Ibraahim al-Qaasi; c. 21 July 1506 – 10 February 1543) was the Imam of the Adal Sultanate from 1527 to 1543. Commonly named Ahmed Gragn in Amharic and Gurey in Somali, both meaning the left-handed, he led the invasion and conquest of Abyssinia from the Sultanate of Adal during the Ethiopian–Adal War.Garad Hirabu Goita Tedros Al SomaliGoita Hirabu Goita Ali, widely known as Garad Hirabu, was a Somali military commander and general that served the Adal Sultanate. He held a significant position as one of the more notable generals within the historical tapestry of the Adal Sultanate. Acting as the commander of the Somali forces, he steered one of the three fronts during the ambitious conquest of Abyssinia. He was also a cousin of Imam Ahmed, who he was a close confidant of.
Nur ibn MujahidNur al-Din or Nur ibn Mujahid ibn ‘Ali ibn ‘Abdullah al Dhuhi Suha (Harari: ኑር ኢብን ሙጃሂድ, Somali: Nuur ibn Mujaahid, Arabic: نور بن مجاهد; died 1567) was an Emir of Harar who ruled over the Adal Sultanate. He was known for his victory in Fatagar against Ethiopian forces and for marrying his uncle's widow, Bati del Wambara.Juba Valley AllianceThe Juba Valley Alliance (JVA; Somali: Isbahaysiga Dooxada Jubba) is a political faction of the Somali Civil War. It was the primary opponent of the Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM) and the Somalia Reconciliation and Restoration Council (SRRC) vying for the control of Kismayo and the Juba River valley, the area known as Jubaland. Following the breakdown of central authority in the Somali Civil War, General Hersi "Morgan" declared Jubaland independent on September 3, 1998.
HararHarar (Harari: ሀረር / Old Harari: هَرَرْ; Amharic: ሐረር; Oromo: Adare Biyyo; Somali: Harar; Arabic: هرر), known historically by the indigenous as Harar-Gey or simply Gey (Harari: ጌይ, Old Harari: ݘٛىيْ, romanized: Gēy, lit. 'the city'), is a walled city in eastern Ethiopia. It is also known in Arabic as the City of Saints (Arabic: مدينة الأولياء, romanized: Madīnat al-ʾAwliyāʾ). Harar is the capital city of the Harari Region.
EthiopiaFlag EmblemAnthem:ወደፊት ገሥግሺ ፣ ውድ እናት ኢትዮጵያ(Amharic) ("March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia")Show globeShow map of AfricaCapitaland largest cityAddis Ababa9°1′N38°45′E / 9.017°N 38.750°E / 9.017; 38.750Official languagesAmharicOromoSomaliTigrinyaAfarRegional languagesSidamaGurageWelaytaHarariLanguages of EthiopiaEthnic groups (2007)34.5% Oromo26.9% Amhara6.2% Somali6.1% Tigrayan4.0% Sidama2.5% Gurage2.3% Welayta1.7% Hadiya1.7% Afar1.5% Gamo12.6% othersReligion (2016)67.3% Christianity43.8% Ethiopian Orthodoxy22.8% P'ent'ay0.7% other Christian31.3% Islam0.6% traditional faiths0.8% others/noneDemonymEthiopianGovernmentFederal parliamentary republic under an authoritarian government• PresidentTaye Atske Selassie• Prime MinisterAbiy Ahmed• Deputy Prime MinistersTemesgen TirunehAdem Farah• Chief Justice of the Federal Supreme CourtTewodros MihretLegislatureFederal Parliamentary Assembly• Upper houseHouse of Federation• Lower houseHouse of Peoples' RepresentativesFormation• Ethiopian Empire1270• Zemene Mesafint7 May 1769• Reunification11 February 1855• Centralisation1904• Occupied and annexed into Italian East Africa9 May 1936• Re-establishment of independence31 January 1942Area • Total1,104,300 km (426,400 sq mi) (26th)• Water (%)0.7Population• 2025 estimate 138,902,185 (10th)• 2007 census 73,750,932• Density92.7/km (240.1/sq mi) (123rd)GDP(PPP)2024 estimate• TotalUS$434.44 bn (55th)• Per capitaUS$4,050 (159th)GDP(nominal)2024 estimate• TotalUS$145.03 bn (59th)• Per capitaUS$1,350 (159th)Gini(2021) 31.1medium inequalityHDI(2022) 0.492low (176th)CurrencyBirr (ETB)Time zoneUTC+3 (EAT)Date formatdd/mm/yyyyCalling code+251ISO 3166 codeETInternet TLD.etEthiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE), is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa.
EmirEmir (; Arabic: أميرʾamīr (listen), also transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a history of use in West Asia, East Africa, North Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and South Asia.
Abu Bakr ibn MuhammadAbū Bakr ibn Muḥammad (Arabic: أبو بكر بن محمد), (reigned 1525–1526), was a Sultan of the Adal Sultanate in the Horn of Africa. The historian Richard Pankhurst credits Abu Bakr with founding the city of Harar, which he made his military headquarters in 1520.
DarodThe Darod (Somali: Daarood) is a Somali clan. The semi-legendary forefather of this clan is Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti, more commonly known as Darod. The clan primarily settles the apex of the Horn of Africa and its peripheries, Ogaden and both sides of the Kenya–Somalia border. The Darod clan is the largest Somali clan family in the Horn of Africa.SultanSultan (; Arabic: سلطانsulṭān, pronounced) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal nounسلطةsulṭah, meaning "authority" or "power".
Somali languageSomali ( sə-MAH-lee, soh-; Latin script: Af Soomaali, Wadaad: اف صومالِ, Osmanya: 𐒖𐒍 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘 [af soːmaːli]) is a Cushitic language belonging to wider Afroasiatic language family. Somali is spoken primarily in Greater Somalia, and the Somali diaspora as a mother tongue. It is an official language in Somalia, Somaliland, and Ethiopia. It serves as a national language in Djibouti, and is also a recognised minority language in Kenya.
Somali clansSomali clans (Somali: Qabaa'ilka Soomaalida; Arabic: القبائل الصومالية, romanized: al-Qabā'il al-Sūmāliyya) are patrilineal kinship groups based on agnatic descent of the Somali people. Tradition and folklore connects the origin of the Somali population by language and way of life, and societal organisations, by customs, and by a feeling of belonging to a broader family among individuals from the Arabian Peninsula.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.