HittitesAncient Anatolian people of KussaraToday part ofTurkeySyriaLebanonCyprusSphinx Gate entrance to the cityThe Great Temple in the inner city of HattusaThe Hittites () were an AnatolianIndo-European people who formed one of the first major civilizations of the Bronze Age in West Asia. Possibly originating from beyond the Black Sea, they settled in north-central Anatolia in the early 2nd millennium BC.
Luwian languageLuwian ( ), sometimes known as Luvian or Luish, is an ancient language, or group of languages, within the Anatolian branch of the Indo-Europeanlanguage family. The ethnonym Luwian comes from Luwiya (also spelled Luwia or Luvia) – the name of the region in which the Luwians lived. Luwiya is attested, for example, in the Hittite laws.
Hittite languageHittite, also known as Nesite, is an extinct Indo-European language formerly spoken in Anatolia during the Bronze Age. The language is attested in cuneiform texts, primarily from the archives of the city of Hattusa, between the 17th century BC to the 13th century BC. Isolated Hittite words and personal names appear in Old Assyrian documents in Kanesh from as early as the 20th century BC, making it the earliest attested use of the Indo-European languages.
AnatoliaPeninsula of Turkey in Western AsiaAnatolia (Greek: Ανατολή, Turkish: Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey.
KizzuwatnaKizzuwatna (Hittite: 𒆳𒌷𒆠𒄑𒍪𒉿𒀜𒈾) was an ancient Anatolian kingdom attested in written sources from the end of the 16th century BC onwards. Although its origins remain obscure, the Middle Bronze Age in Cilicia (ca. 2000–1550 BC) may be regarded as its possible formative period. Kizzuwatna was situated primarily in the Cilician Plain of southeastern Anatolia, near the Gulf of Alexandretta, now in Turkey.
Hurrian languageHurrian is an extinct Hurro-Urartian language spoken by the Hurrians (Khurrites), a people who entered northern Mesopotamia around 2300 BC and had mostly vanished by 1000 BC. Hurrian was the language of the Mitanni kingdom in northern Mesopotamia and was likely spoken at least initially in Hurrian settlements in modern-day Syria.
AcemhöyükAcemhöyük is an archaeological site in Turkey. The tell is located near the village of Yeşilova in Merkezdistrict, Aksaray Province. The Bronze Age name for the place was probably Purušḫanda/Purušḫattum or . The site was important during the Early Bronze Age as part of the Anatolian Trade Network and the Middle Bronze Age as a colony in the Assyrian Trade Network, with a trading post called Karum.
Endonym and exonymAn endonym or autonym is a common, self-chosen, native name of a group of people, an individual person of that group, a geographical place, a language or a dialect; it is 'native' in the sense that it is used inside or by a particular group or linguistic community to identify or designate themselves, their place of origin, or their language.
Neo-Hittite statesThe states called Neo-Hittite, Syro-Hittite (in older literature), or Luwian-Aramean (in modern scholarly works) were Luwian and Aramean regional polities of the Iron Age, situated in southeastern parts of modern Turkey and northwestern parts of modern Syria, known in ancient times as lands of Hatti and Aram. They arose following the collapse of the Hittite New Kingdom in the 12th century BCE, and lasted until they were subdued by the Assyrian Empire in the 8th century BCE.
Bronze AgeHistorical period (c. 3300–1200 BCE)Diffusion of metallurgy in Europe and Asia Minor—the darkest areas are the oldest.LocationAsiaNear EastEuropeNorth AfricaKey eventsExtensive bronze metallurgyLate Bronze Age collapseDevelopment of writingDevelopment of the chariotOne of the Alaca Höyük bronze standards from a pre-Hittite tomb dating to the 3rd millennium BC, from the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in AnkaraThe Bronze Age is an archaeological and anthropological term defining a phase in the development of material culture among ancient societies in Asia, the Near East and Europe.
Iron AgeWeapons and fibulae from a Celtic burial site, c. 350 BC.LocationWorldwideKey eventsIron metallurgyAxial AgeThe Iron Age (c. 1200 BC – c. 550 BC) is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Copper Age and Bronze Age. It has also been considered as the final age of the three-age division starting with prehistory (before recorded history) and progressing to protohistory (before written history).*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.