Aventine TriadThe Aventine Triad (also referred to as the plebeian Triad or the agricultural Triad) is a modern term for the joint cult of the Roman deitiesCeres, Liber and Libera. The cult was established c. 493 BC within a sacred district (templum) on or near the Aventine Hill, traditionally associated with the Roman plebs. Later accounts describe the temple building and rites as "Greek" in style.
DionysusAncient Greek god of winemaking and wineIn ancient Greek religion and myth, Dionysus ( ; Ancient Greek: ΔιόνυσοςDiónysos) is the god of wine-making, orchards, fruit, vegetation, fertility, festivity, insanity, ritual madness, religious ecstasy, and theatre. He was also known as Bacchus ( or ; Ancient Greek: ΒάκχοςBacchos) by the Greeks (a name later adopted by the Romans) for a frenzy he is said to induce called baccheia.
LudiLudi (Latin for "games"; plural of ludus) were public games held for the benefit and entertainment of the Roman people (populus Romanus). Ludi were held in conjunction with, or sometimes as the major feature of, Roman religiousfestivals, and were also presented as part of the cult of state. The earliest ludi were horse races in the circus (ludi circenses).
Roman mythologyRoman mythology is the body of myths of ancient Rome as represented in the literature and visual arts of the Romans, and is a form of Roman folklore. "Roman mythology" may also refer to the modern study of these representations, and to the subject matter as represented in the literature and art of other cultures in any period. Roman mythology draws from the mythology of the Italic peoples and shares mythemes with Proto-Indo-European mythology.
LiberaliaIn ancient Roman religion, the Liberalia (March 17) was the festival of Liber Pater and his consort Libera. The Romans celebrated Liberalia with sacrifices, processions, ribald and gauche songs, and masks which were hung on trees. The feast celebrated the maturation of young boys to manhood. Roman boys, usually at age 15 or 16, would remove the bulla praetexta, a hollow charm of gold or leather, which parents placed about the necks of children to ward off evil spirits.
Religion in ancient RomeReligion in ancient Rome was polytheistic, consisted of varying imperial and provincial religious practices, which were followed both by the Roman people as well as those who were brought under its rule. The Romans thought of themselves as highly religious, and attributed their success as a world power to their collective piety (pietas) in maintaining good relations with the gods. Their polytheistic religion is known for having honoured many deities.
LaresLares ( LAIR-eez, LAY-reez, Latin: [ˈlareːs]; archaic lasēs, singular lar) were guardian deities in ancient Roman religion. Their origin is uncertain; they may have been hero-ancestors, guardians of the hearth, fields, boundaries, or fruitfulness, or an amalgam of these. Lares were believed to observe, protect, and influence all that happened within the boundaries of their location or function.
Mos maiorumThe mos maiorum (Classical Latin:; "ancestral custom" or "way of the ancestors"; pl.: mores, cf. English "mores"; maiorum is the genitive plural of "greater" or "elder") is the unwritten code from which the ancient Romans derived their social norms. It is the core concept of Roman traditionalism, distinguished from but in dynamic complement to written law.
Second Punic WarBelligerentsRomeMassaliaSyracuse (218–215 BC)Eastern NumidiaOthersCarthageSyracuse (214–212 BC)Western NumidiaOthersCommanders and leadersScipio AfricanusFabius MaximusPublius Scipio†Many othersHannibalHasdrubal Barca†Mago Barca (DOW)Many othersThe Second Punic War (218 to 201 BC) was the second of three wars fought between Carthage and Rome, the two main powers of the western in the 3rd century BC.
PlebeiansIn ancient Rome, the plebeians or plebs were the general body of free Roman citizens who were not patricians, as determined by the census, or were in other words "commoners". Both classes were hereditary. EtymologyThe precise origins of the group and the term are unclear, but may be related to the Greek, plēthos, meaning masses. In Latin, the word is a singularcollective noun, and its genitive is plebis. Plebeians were not a monolithic social class.
ViticultureViticulture (Latin: vitis cultura, 'vine-growing'), viniculture (vinis cultura, 'wine-growing'), or winegrowing is the cultivation and harvesting of grapes. It is a branch of the science of horticulture.
Jupiter (god)In ancient Roman religion and mythology, Jupiter (Latin: Iūpiter or Iuppiter, from Proto-Italic *djous "day, sky" + *patēr "father", thus "sky father"; Ancient Greek: Δίας or Ζεύς), also known as Jove (nom. and gen. Iovis [ˈjɔwɪs]), is the god of the sky and thunder, and king of the gods. Jupiter was the chief deity of Roman state religion throughout the Republican and Imperial eras, until Christianity became the dominant religion of the Empire.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.