FeverFever or pyrexia in humans is a symptom of an anti-infection defense mechanism that appears with body temperature exceeding the normal range caused by an increase in the body's temperature set point in the hypothalamus. There is no single agreed-upon upper limit for normal temperature: sources use values ranging between 37.2 and 38.3 °C (99.0 and 100.9 °F) in humans. The increase in set-point triggers increased muscle contractions and causes a feeling of cold or chills.Bone painBone pain (also known medically by several other names) is pain coming from a bone, and is caused by damaging stimuli. It occurs as a result of a wide range of diseases or physical conditions or both, and may severely impair the quality of life. Bone pain belongs to the class of deep somatic pain, often experienced as a dull pain that cannot be localized accurately by the patient. This is in contrast with the pain which is mediated by superficial receptors in, e.g., the skin.
Blood cellA blood cell (also called a hemocyte or hematocyte) is a cell produced through hematopoiesis and found mainly in the blood. Major types of blood cells include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). Together, these three kinds of blood cells add up to a total 45% of the blood tissue by volume, with the remaining 55% of the volume composed of plasma, the liquid component of blood.
Bone marrowBone marrow is a semi-solid tissue found within the spongy (also known as cancellous) portions of bones. In birds and mammals, bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production (or haematopoiesis). It is composed of hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose tissue, and supportive stromal cells. In adult humans, bone marrow is primarily located in the ribs, vertebrae, sternum, and bones of the pelvis.
Precursor cellIn cell biology, precursor cells—also called blast cells—are partially differentiated, or intermediate, and are sometimes referred to as progenitor cells. A precursor cell is a stem cell with the capacity to differentiate into only one cell type, meaning they are unipotent stem cells. In embryology, precursor cells are a group of cells that later differentiate into one organ. However, progenitor cells are considered multipotent.
Tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissuesTumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (American English) or tumours of the haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (British English) are tumors that affect the blood, bone marrow, lymph, and lymphatic system.
Blood testA blood test is a laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample that is usually extracted from a vein in the arm using a hypodermic needle, or via fingerprick. Multiple tests for specific blood components, such as a glucose test or a cholesterol test, are often grouped together into one test panel called a blood panel or blood work.
Bone marrow examinationBone marrow examination refers to the pathologic analysis of samples of bone marrow obtained by bone marrow biopsy (often called trephine biopsy) and bone marrow aspiration. Bone marrow examination is used in the diagnosis of several conditions, including leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, anemia, and pancytopenia. The bone marrow produces the cellular elements of the blood, including platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells.
American and British English spelling differencesBritish and American spellings around the world: British analyse/crystallise (crystallize in Oxford spelling)/centre/defence/labour/programme (except for computer program) dominant; English is an official or majority language American analyze/crystallize (less commonly crystalize)/center (except for some place names, e.g. Centre County)/defense/labor (except for some names, e.g. Living Colour)/program dominant; English is an official or majority language Canadian analyze/crystallize/centre/defence/labour/program dominant; English is one of two official languages along with French Australian analyse/crystallise/centre/defence/labour (except for Labor Party)/program dominant; English is an official or majority language English is not an official or majority language; British spelling is dominant English is not an official or majority language; American spelling is dominant English is not an official or majority language; inconsistent use of American and British spellingDespite the various English dialects spoken from country to country and within different regions of the same country, there are only slight regional variations in English orthography, the two most notable variations being British and American spelling.
BruiseA bruise, also known as a contusion, is a type of hematoma of tissue, the most common cause being capillaries damaged by trauma, causing localized bleeding that extravasates into the surrounding interstitial tissues. Most bruises occur close enough to the epidermis such that the bleeding causes a visible discoloration. The bruise then remains visible until the blood is either absorbed by tissues or cleared by immune system action.
HeredityHeredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of genetic information from parents to their offspring. It may occur through sexual or asexual reproduction, where new cells are produced from either individual cells underdoing cell division or two cells combining genomes, respectively. Through heredity, genetic variations in populations can accumulate and cause species to evolve by natural selection. The study of heredity in biology is genetics.
FatigueState of tiredness, exhaustion or loss of energyMedical conditionFatigue is a state of being without energy for a prolonged period of time. The word fatigue is used in two contexts: in the medical sense, and in the sense of normal tiredness. In the medical sense, fatigue is seen as a symptom, and is sometimes associated with medical conditions including autoimmune disease, organ failure, mood disorders, heart disease, infectious diseases, and post-infectious-disease states.
λευκόςRelated word or term.αἷμαRelated word or term.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.