AcroreiaAcroreia or Akroreia (Ancient Greek: Ἀκρώρεια) was a mountainous district of ancient Elis on the borders of Arcadia, in which the rivers Peneius and Ladon take their rise. The inhabitants of the district were called Acrocreii (Ἀκρωρεῖοι), and their towns appear to have been Thraustus, Alium, Opus, and Eupagium, to which Lasion may be added. The name is used in opposition to Κοίλη or Hollow Elis.
Ancient ElisElis () or Eleia (; Attic Greek: Ἦλις, romanized: Ēlis [ɛ̂ːlis]; Elean: Ϝᾶλις [wâːlis]; Greek: Ήλιδα, romanized: Ilida) was an ancient polis (city-state) in the northwestern Peloponnese in Greece. The polis included the sanctuary at Olympia where the Olympic games were organised by Elis over 1000 years, which was the main claim to fame of the city.
SpartaCity-state in ancient GreeceSparta was a prominent ancient Greekpolis in Laconia. In classical antiquity, the state was known as Lacedaemon (Λακεδαίμων, Lakedaímōn), while Sparta referred to its capital, a group of villages in the valley of the Evrotas River in Laconia, in southeastern Peloponnese. During the 7th century BC, it rose to become the most prominent land military power in the Greek world, a status it retained until its defeat at Leuctra in 371 BC.
PsophisPsophis (Ancient Greek: Ψωφίς, Eth.Ψωφίδιος) was an ancient Greek city in the northwest end of Arcadia, bounded on the north by Achaea, and on the west by Elis. It was located near the modern village Psofida, part of the municipality of Kalavryta. City name and mythologyPsophis was said to have been originally called Erymanthus, and its territory to have been ravaged by the Erymanthian Boar.
Philip V of MacedonPhilip V (Greek: Φίλιππος, romanized: Philippos; 238 BC – 179 BC) was king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon from 221 to 179 BC. Philip's reign was principally marked by the Social War in Greece (220-217 BC) and a struggle with the emerging power of the Roman Republic. He would lead Macedon against Rome in the First (212-205 BC) and Second (200-196 BC) Macedonian Wars.
Pyrgus (Elis)Pyrgus or Pyrgos (Ancient Greek: Πύργος) was a fortified town of a district called , in Hollow Elis, in ancient Elis. It is mentioned by Polybius in conjunction with LasionIts site is unlocated.
Greek languageGreek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, romanized: elliniká; Ancient Greek: ἑλληνική, romanized: hellēnikḗ) is an Indo-European language, constituting an independent Hellenic branch within the Indo-European language family. It is native to the territories that have had populations of Greeks since antiquity: Greece, Cyprus, Egypt, Turkey, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, Caucasus, the Black Sea coast, and the .
Pausanias (king of Sparta)Pausanias (Ancient Greek: Παυσανίας) was the Agiad King of Sparta; the son of Pleistoanax. He ruled Sparta from 445 BC to 427 BC and again from 409 BC to 395 BC. He was the leader of the faction in Sparta that opposed the imperialist policy conducted by Lysander. Pausanias became king in 445 BC, when his father Pleistoanax was forced into exile because he made a peace settlement with Athens, which was deemed dishonourable in Sparta.
XenophonXenophon of Athens (; Ancient Greek: ; c. 430 – 355/354 BC) was a Greek military leader, philosopher, economist, and historian. At the age of 30, he was elected as one of the leaders of the retreating Greek mercenaries, the Ten Thousand, who had been part of Cyrus the Younger's attempt to seize control of the Achaemenid Empire. As the military historian Theodore Ayrault Dodge wrote, "the centuries since have devised nothing to surpass the genius of this warrior".
PolybiusPolybius (; Ancient Greek: Πολύβιος, Polýbios; c. 200 – c. 118 BC) was an ancient Greek historian of the middle Hellenistic period. He is noted for his Histories, a universal history documenting the rise of Rome in the in the third and second centuries BC. It covers the period 264–146, recording in detail events in Italy, Iberia, Greece, Syria, Egypt, and Africa, and documents the Punic Wars and Macedonian Wars among many others.
Peloponnesian WarBelligerentsAthensDelian LeagueThessalyPlataeaArgosAcarnaniaElis (418 BC)Mantinea (418 BC)Segesta (415–413 BC)Etruscans (415–413 BC)SpartaPeloponnesian LeagueThebesBoeotian LeagueDelphiPhocisDorisAmbraciaMacedon (up until 421 BC)SyracuseSupported from 413 by: Tissaphernes (Achaemenid empire) (413–408 BC)Cyrus the Younger (from 408 BC)Commanders and leadersPericles#PhormioCleon†NiciasAlcibiadesX (in exile)DemosthenesArchidamus IIBrasidas†GylippusLysanderAgis IIPleistoanaxCasualties and lossesAt least 18,070 soldiersUnknown number of civilian casualties Unknown The Peloponnesian War was fought in the between the Athenian-led Delian League and the Spartan-led Peloponnesian League from 431 to 404 BC for hegemony over Ancient Greece.
Achaean LeagueThe Achaean League (Ancient Greek: Κοινὸν τῶν Ἀχαιῶν, romanized: Koinon ton Akhaion, lit. 'League of Achaeans') was a Hellenistic-era confederation of Greek city-states on the northern and central Peloponnese. The league was named after the region of Achaea in the northwestern Peloponnese, which formed its original core. The first league was formed in the fifth century BC.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.