Ocean surface topographyOcean surface topography or sea surface topography, also called ocean dynamic topography, are highs and lows on the ocean surface, similar to the hills and valleys of Earth's land surface depicted on a topographic map. These variations are expressed in terms of average sea surface height (SSH) relative to Earth's geoid. The main purpose of measuring ocean surface topography is to understand the large-scale ocean circulation.
Tropical cycloneRapidly rotating storm systemFor the album by Beenie Man, see Tropical Storm (album). For the English band, see Hurricane No. 1. For the English band's debut album, see Hurricane No. 1 (album). For the Finnish band, see Hurriganes. For other uses, see Hurricane (other).Hurricane Florence viewed from the International Space Station in 2018.
Climate changeHuman-caused changes to climate on EarthChanges in surface air temperature over the past 50 years. The Arctic has warmed the most, and temperatures on land have generally increased more than sea surface temperatures.Earth's average surface air temperature has increased about 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) since the Industrial Revolution.
Sea surface temperatureSea surface temperature (or ocean surface temperature) is the temperature of ocean water close to the surface. The exact meaning of surface varies in the literature and in practice. It is usually between 1 millimetre (0.04 in) and 20 metres (70 ft) below the sea surface. Sea surface temperatures greatly modify air masses in the Earth's atmosphere within a short distance of the shore.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationUS government scientific agencyThe National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA ) is a United States scientific and regulatory agency tasked with forecasting weather, monitoring oceanic and atmospheric conditions, charting the seas, conducting deep-sea exploration, and managing fishing and protection of marine mammals and endangered species in the US exclusive economic zone.
Sea level riseRise in sea levels due to climate changeThe global average sea level has risen about 25 centimetres (9.8 in) since 1880. Sea surface height change from 1992 to 2019: Blue regions are where sea level has gone down, and orange/red regions are where sea level has risen (the visualization is based on satellite data).The sea level has generally been rising since the end of the Last Glacial Maximum, which was around 20,000 years ago.
CNESCNES (French: Centre national d'études spatiales, lit.'National Centre for Space Studies') is the French national space agency. Headquartered in central Paris, the agency is overseen by the ministries of the Armed Forces, Economy and Finance and Higher Education, Research and Innovation. It operates from the Toulouse Space Centre and the Guiana Space Centre. The president of CNES is François Jacq. CNES is a member of Institute of Space, its Applications and Technologies.
Ocean currentAn ocean current is a continuous, directed movement of seawater generated by a number of forces acting upon the water, including wind, the Coriolis effect, breaking waves, cabbeling, and temperature and salinity differences. Depth contours, shoreline configurations, and interactions with other currents influence a current's direction and strength.
NASAAmerican space and aeronautics agencyThe National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the United States' civil space program, as well as research in aeronautics and space. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., NASA operates ten field centers across the US and is organized into three mission directorates: Human Spaceflight, Research and Technology, and Science.
ApsisAn apsis (from Ancient Greek ἁψίς (hapsís) 'arch, vault' (third declension); pl. apsides AP-sih-deez) is one of the two extreme points in the orbit of a planetary body about its primary body, either the farthest point (apoapsis) or the nearest point (periapsis). The line of apsides (also called apse line, or major axis of the orbit) is the line connecting the two apsides.
EUMETSATThe European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) is an intergovernmental organisation created through an international convention agreed by a current total of 30 European Member States. EUMETSAT's primary objective is to establish, maintain and exploit European systems of operational meteorological satellites.
Satellite geodesyInternational Terrestrial Reference SystemSpatial Reference System Identifier (SRID)Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.