Water injection (engine)In internal combustion engines, water injection, also known as anti-detonant injection (ADI), can spray water into the incoming air or air–fuel mixture, or directly into the combustion chamber to cool certain parts of the induction system where "hot points" could produce premature ignition.
Engine knockingIn spark-ignition internal combustion engines, knocking (also called knock, detonation, spark knock, or pinging) occurs when combustion of some of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder results from a source other than the flame front ignited by the spark plug, in other words, when one or more pockets of air/fuel mixture explode outside the envelope of the normal combustion front.
Heat exchangerA heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between a source and a working fluid. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling and heating processes. The fluids may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or they may be in direct contact. They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power stations, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural-gas processing, and sewage treatment.Pre-ignitionPre-ignition (or preignition) in a spark-ignition engine is premature ignition of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder, before the spark plug fires. Pre-ignition is initiated by an ignition source other than the spark, such as hot spots in the combustion chamber, a spark plug that runs too hot for the application, or carbonaceous deposits in the combustion chamber heated to incandescence by previous combustion events.
TurbochargerIn an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger (also known as a turbo or, formerly, a turbosupercharger) is a forced induction device that compresses the intake air, forcing more air into the engine in order to produce more power for a given displacement.Exhaust heat managementExhaust heat management is the means of lessening the damaging or performance-robbing effects of internal combustion engine exhaust heat by preventing heat from escaping from the exhaust system and into the engine compartment on automobiles.
RefrigerationRefrigeration is the artificial cooling of a space, substance, or system to lower and/or maintain its temperature below the ambient temperature.
Air compressorAn air compressor is a machine that takes ambient air from the surroundings and discharges it at a higher pressure. It is an application of a gas compressor and a pneumatic device that converts mechanical power (from an electric motor, diesel or gasoline engine, etc.) into potential energy stored in compressed air, which has many uses. A common application is to compress air into a storage tank, for immediate or later use.
Gas-turbine engineType of continuous-flow turbine engineExamples of gas-turbine configurations: (1) turbojet, (2) turboprop, (3) turboshaft (shown as electric generator), (4) high-bypass turbofan, (5) low-bypass afterburning turbofanA gas turbine is a complete continuous-flowinternal combustion engine in which air is compressed, fuel is burned in the compressed air, and the resulting hot gas expands through a turbine.
Evaporative coolerAn Egyptian qullah, set in drafts to cool interiors. Porous pottery and coarse cloth maximize the area for evaporation.An evaporative cooler (also known as evaporative air conditioner, swamp cooler, swamp box, desert cooler and wet air cooler) is a device that cools air through the evaporation of water. Evaporative cooling differs from other air conditioning systems, which use vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycles.
Air conditioningCooling of air in an enclosed spaceThere are various types of air conditioners.
CompressorA compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor. Many compressors can be staged, that is, the gas is compressed several times in steps or stages, to increase discharge pressure. Often, the second stage is physically smaller than the primary stage, to accommodate the already compressed gas without reducing its pressure.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.