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IJssel

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The IJssel (Dutch:; Dutch Low Saxon: Iessel(t)) is a Dutch distributary of the river Rhine that flows northward and ultimately discharges into the IJsselmeer (before the 1932 completion of the Afsluitdijk known as the Zuiderzee), a North Seanatural harbour. It is sometimes called the Gelderse IJssel (IPA:; "Gueldern IJssel") to distinguish it from the Hollandse IJssel. It is in the provinces of Gelderland and Overijssel, the latter of which was named after this river. The Romans knew the river as Isala.

DistributaryDistributaryA distributary, or a distributary channel is a streamchannel that branches off and flows away from a main stream channel. It is the opposite of a tributary, a stream that flows towards and into another stream or river. Distributaries are a result of river bifurcation and are often found where a river approaches a lake or an ocean and divides into distributary networks; as such they are a common feature of river deltas.Hollandse IJsselHollandse IJsselThe Hollandse or Hollandsche IJssel (pronounced) is a river in Utrecht and South Holland. Originally a distributary of the Lek, it is now fed by the , an arm of the . It begins in Nieuwegein at the southern end of the Doorslag. From here, it flows westwards through IJsselstein, Montfoort, Oudewater, and Gouda before emptying into the Nieuwe Maas at Capelle and Krimpen aan den IJssel, on the outskirts of Rotterdam.OverijsselOverijsselOverijssel (Dutch pronunciation:; Dutch Low Saxon: Oaveriessel; German: Oberyssel; lit.'Across IJssel') is a province of the Netherlands located in the eastern part of the country. The province borders Drenthe to the north, Friesland to the north-west, Flevoland (and a small part of the IJsselmeer) to the west, Gelderland to the south and west, and Germany's states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia to the east.ZuiderzeeZuiderzeeThe Zuiderzee or Zuider Zee (Dutch:; old spelling Zuyderzee or Zuyder Zee), historically called Lake Almere and Lake Flevo, was a shallow bay of the North Sea in the northwest of the Netherlands. It extended about 100 km (62 mi) inland and at most 50 km (31 mi) wide, with an overall depth of about 4 to 5 m (13 to 16 ft) and a coastline of about 300 km (190 mi). It covered 5,000 km (1,900 sq mi).IJsselmeerIJsselmeerThe IJsselmeer (Dutch: [ˌɛisəlˈmeːr] ; West Frisian: Iselmar, Dutch Low Saxon: Iesselmeer), also known as Lake IJssel in English, is a closed-off freshwater lake in the central Netherlands bordering the provinces of Flevoland, North Holland and Friesland. It covers an area of 1,100 km2 (420 sq mi) with an average depth of 4.5 m (15 ft). The river IJssel, after which the lake was named, flows into the IJsselmeer.AfsluitdijkAfsluitdijkThe Afsluitdijk (Dutch:; West Frisian: Ofslútdyk; "closure dyke") is a major dam and causeway in the Netherlands.WestervoortWestervoortWestervoort (Dutch pronunciation:) is a municipality and a town in the eastern Netherlands. The town has two rivers inside its borders, the Rhine and the IJssel. It is a commuter town closely linked to Arnhem, the capital of Gelderland, which is situated on the west bank of the IJssel river, the east bank being occupied by Westervoort. It is the smallest Dutch municipality by area. TransportOn 11 December 2011, a new railway station was opened in Westervoort.RhineRhineMajor river in Western EuropeThe Rhine ( ) is one of the major rivers of Europe. The river begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps. It forms part of the Swiss–Liechtenstein border, then part of the Swiss–Austrian border. From Lake Constance downstream, it forms part of the Swiss–German border. After that, the Rhine defines much of the Franco-German border. It then flows in a mostly northerly direction through the German Rhineland.North SeaNorth SeaThe North Sea lies between Great Britain, Denmark, Norway, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. A sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north. It is more than 970 kilometres (600 mi) long and 580 kilometres (360 mi) wide, covering 570,000 square kilometres (220,000 sq mi). It hosts key north European shipping lanes and is a major fishery.Ancient RomeAncient RomeIn modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), the Roman Republic (509‍–‍27 BC), and the Roman Empire (27 BC – 476 AD) until the fall of the western empire.ArnhemArnhemArnhem (Dutch: [ˈɑrnɛm] or [ˈɑr(ə)nɦɛm] ; German: Arnheim [ˈaʁnhaɪm] ; Ernems: Èrnem) is a city and municipality situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands, near the German border. It is the capital of the province of Gelderland and its second-most populous municipality (after Nijmegen), located on both banks of the rivers Nederrijn and Sint-Jansbeek, which was the source of the city's development.GelderlandGelderlandGelderland ( GHEL-dər-lənd, Dutch: [ˈɣɛldərlɑnt] ), also known as Guelders ( GHEL-dərz) in English, is a province of the Netherlands, located in the centre-east of the country. With a total area of 5,136 km2 (1,983 sq mi) of which 176 km2 (68 sq mi) is water, it is the largest province of the Netherlands by land area, and second by total area.Dutch Low SaxonDutch Low SaxonDutch Low Saxon (Nederlaands Leegsaksies or Nederlaands Nedersaksies; Dutch: Nederlands Nedersaksisch) are Low Saxon dialects from the Low German language that are spoken in the northeastern Netherlands and are mostly, but not exclusively, written with local, unstandardised orthographies based on Standard Dutchorthography. The UNESCO Atlas of endangered languages lists the language as vulnerable.

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