Charles R. SnyderCharles Richard "Rick" Snyder (1944–2006) was an American psychologist who specialized in positive psychology. He was a Wright Distinguished Professor of Clinical Psychology at the University of Kansas and editor of the Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. Snyder was internationally known for his work at the interface of clinical, social, personality and health psychology.
OptimismOptimism is the attitude or mindset of expecting events to lead to particularly positive, favorable, desirable, and hopeful outcomes. A common idiom used to illustrate optimism versus pessimism is a glass filled with water to the halfway point: an optimist is said to see the glass as half full, while a pessimist sees the glass as half empty. In ordinary English, optimism may be synonymous with idealism—often, unrealistic or foolish optimism in particular.
Barbara FredricksonAmerican psychology professor Barbara FredricksonFredrickson at the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, 2019Born (1964-06-15) June 15, 1964 (age 62)AwardsSociety of Experimental Social Psychology's Career Trajectory Award 2008 Inaugural Christopher Peterson Gold Medal 2013 Toronto-based TANG Foundation's Prize 2017 Academic backgroundThesisAnticipated endings : an explanation for selective social interaction (1990)Doctoral advisorLaura L. CarstensenAcademic workDisciplinePsychologistSub-disciplineSocial psychologistInstitutionsUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillNotable worksResearch in emotions and positive psychologyNotable ideasBroaden-and-build theory of positive emotions Barbara Lee Fredrickson (born June 15, 1964) is an American professor in the department of psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where she is the Kenan Distinguished Professor of Psychology.
Alfred AdlerAlfred Adler ( ; Austrian German:; February 7, 1870 – May 28, 1937) was an Austrian medical doctor, psychotherapist, and founder of the school of individual psychology. His emphasis on the importance of feelings of belonging, relationships within the family, and birth order set him apart from Freud and others in their common circle.
CrisisA crisis (pl.: crises; adj: critical) is any event or period that will lead to an unstable and dangerous situation affecting an individual, group, or all of society. Crises are negative changes in the human or environmental affairs, especially when they occur abruptly, with little or no warning. More loosely, a crisis is a testing time for an emergency.Hardiness (psychology)Psychological hardiness, alternatively referred to as personality hardiness or cognitive hardiness in the literature, is a personality style first introduced by Suzanne C. Kobasa in 1979. Kobasa described a pattern of personality characteristics that distinguished managers and executives who remained healthy under life stress, as compared to those who developed health problems.
DesireDesires are states of mind that are expressed by terms like "wanting", "wishing", "longing" or "craving". A great variety of features are commonly associated with desires. They are seen as propositional attitudes towards conceivable states of affairs. They represent how an agent or organism wills things to be, unlike beliefs, which aim to represent how things actually are. Desires are closely related to agency: they motivate the agent to realize them.
Ernst BlochErnst Simon Bloch (; German:; 8 July 1885 – 4 August 1977) was a German Marxist philosopher. Bloch was influenced by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Karl Marx, as well as by apocalyptic and religious thinkers such as Thomas Müntzer, Paracelsus, and Jacob Böhme. He established friendships with György Lukács, Bertolt Brecht, Kurt Weill, Walter Benjamin, and Theodor W. Adorno. Bloch's work focuses on an optimistic teleology of the history of mankind.
Hope (virtue)Hope (Latin: spes) is one of the three theological virtues in the Christian tradition. Hope is a combination of the desire for something and expectation of receiving it. The Christian virtue is hoping specifically for Divine union and so eternal happiness. While faith is a function of the intellect, hope is an act of the will. OverviewThomas Aquinas defined hope as "...a future good, difficult but possible to attain... by means of the Divine Assistance...
Mental stateA mental state, or a mental property, is a state of mind of a person. Mental states comprise a diverse class, including perception, pain/pleasure experience, belief, desire, intention, emotion, and memory. There is controversy concerning the exact definition of the term. According to epistemic approaches, the essential mark of mental states is that their subject has privileged epistemic access while others can only infer their existence from outward signs.
Depression (mood)State of low mood and aversion to activityMedical conditionDepression is a mental state of low mood and aversion to activity. It affects about 3.5% of the global population, or about 280 million people worldwide, as of 2020. Depression affects a person's thoughts, behavior, feelings, and sense of well-being.
ReasonCapacity for consciously making sense of thingsReason is the capacity to consciously apply logic by drawing validconclusions from new or existing information, with the aim of seeking truth. It is associated with activities considered characteristic of humans, including philosophy, religion, science, language, and mathematics, and is generally considered a distinguishing ability possessed by humans.
Donald WinnicottDonald Woods Winnicott (7 April 1896 – 25 January 1971) was an English paediatrician and psychoanalyst who was especially influential in the field of object relations theory and developmental psychology. He was a leading member of the British Independent Group of the British Psychoanalytical Society, President of the British Psychoanalytical Society twice (1956–1959 and 1965–1968), and a close associate of British writer and psychoanalyst Marion Milner.
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