MethionineNames IUPAC nameMethionineSystematic IUPAC name2-Amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acidOther names 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acidAmino-γ-methylthiobutyric acidIdentifiers CAS NumberL: 63-68-3D/L: 59-51-8D: 348-67-43D model (JSmol)L: Interactive imageL Zwitterion: Interactive imageAbbreviations Met, M ChEBIL: CHEBI:16643D/L: CHEBI:16811D: CHEBI:16867ChEMBLL: ChEMBL42336ChemSpiderL: 5907D/L: 853D: 76512DrugBankL: DB00134ECHA InfoCard100.000.393EC NumberL: 200-432-1KEGGL: C00073PubChemCIDL: 6137D/L: 876D: 84815UNIIL: AE28F7PNPLD/L: 73JWT2K6T3D: 868496F25RCompTox Dashboard(EPA)L: DTXSID9020821InChIInChI=1S/C5H11NO2S/c1-9-3-2-4(6)5(7)8/h4H,2-3,6H2,1H3,(H,7,8)/t4-/m0/s1Key: FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-ND/L: Key: FFEARJCKVFRZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-ND: Key: FFEARJCKVFRZRR-SCSAIBSYSA-NSMILESL: CSCC[C@H](N)C(=O)OL Zwitterion: CSCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(=O)[O-]Properties Chemical formulaC5H11NO2SMolar mass149.21 g·mol Appearance White crystalline powder Density1.340 g/cm Melting point281 °C (538 °F; 554 K) decomposes Solubility in waterSoluble Acidity (pKa) 2.28 (carboxyl), 9.21 (amino) Pharmacology ATC codeV03AB26 (WHO) QA05BA90 (WHO), QG04BA90 (WHO) Supplementary data page Methionine (data page)Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Methionine (symbol Met or M) () is an essential amino acid in humans.
ThreonineNames IUPAC nameThreonineSystematic IUPAC name2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acidIdentifiers CAS NumberL: 72-19-5D/L: 80-68-23D model (JSmol)L: Interactive imageL Zwitterion: Interactive imageChEBIL: CHEBI:16857ChEMBLL: ChEMBL291747ChemSpiderL: 6051DrugBankL: DB00156ECHA InfoCard100.000.704EC NumberL: 200-774-1IUPHAR/BPSL: 4785KEGGL: D00041PubChemCIDL: 6288UNIIL: 2ZD004190SD/L: TFM6DU5S6ACompTox Dashboard(EPA)L: DTXSID70893087 DTXSID2046412, DTXSID70893087InChIInChI=1S/C4H9NO3/c1-2(6)3(5)4(7)8/h2-3,6H,5H2,1H3,(H,7,8)/t2-,3+/m1/s1Key: AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-ND/L: Key: AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-FGNFWGHYNA-NSMILESL: C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)N)OL Zwitterion: C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)[O-])[NH3+])OProperties Chemical formulaC4H9NO3Molar mass119.120 g·mol Solubility in water(H2O, g/dl) 10.6(30°),14.1(52°),19.0(61°) Acidity (pKa) 2.63 (carboxyl), 10.43 (amino) Supplementary data page Threonine (data page)Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Threonine (symbol Thr or T) is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
SerineNames IUPAC nameSerineSystematic IUPAC name2-Amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acidIdentifiers CAS NumberL: 56-45-1D/L: 302-84-1D: 312-84-53D model (JSmol)L: Interactive imageD/L Zwitterion: Interactive imageChEBIL: CHEBI:17115ChEMBLL: ChEMBL11298ChemSpiderL: 5736D/L: 597D: 64231DrugBankL: DB00133ECHA InfoCard100.000.250EC NumberL: 206-130-6IUPHAR/BPSL: 726KEGGL: C00065D: C00740PubChemCIDL: 5951D/L: 617D: 71077UNIIL: 452VLY9402D/L: 00PAR1C66FD: 1K77H2Z9B1CompTox Dashboard(EPA)L: DTXSID60883230InChIInChI=1S/C3H7NO3/c4-2(1-5)3(6)7/h2,5H,1,4H2,(H,6,7)/t2-/m0/s1Key: MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-ND/L: Key: MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-ND: Key: MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UWTATZPHSA-NSMILESL: C([C@@H](C(=O)O)N)OD/L Zwitterion: C([C@@H](C(=O)[O-])[NH3+])OProperties Chemical formulaC3H7NO3Molar mass105.093 g·mol Appearance white crystals or powder Density1.603 g/cm (22 °C) Melting point246 °C (475 °F; 519 K) decomposes Solubility in watersoluble Acidity (pKa) 2.21 (carboxyl), 9.15 (amino) Supplementary data page Serine (data page)Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Serine (symbol Ser or S) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
Proteinogenic amino acidProteinogenic amino acids are amino acids that are incorporated biosynthetically into proteins during translation from RNA. The word "proteinogenic" means "protein creating". Throughout known life, there are 22 genetically encoded (proteinogenic) amino acids, 20 in the standard genetic code and an additional 2 (selenocysteine and pyrrolysine) that can be incorporated by special translation mechanisms.Essential amino acidAn essential amino acid, or indispensable amino acid, is an amino acid that cannot be synthesized from scratch by the organism fast enough to supply its demand, and must therefore come from the diet. Of the 21 amino acids common to all life forms, the nine amino acids humans cannot synthesize are valine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, threonine, histidine, and lysine.
BiosynthesisProcess where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms Biosynthesis is chemical synthesis occurring in biological contexts. It most often refers to multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed processes where chemical substances absorbed as nutrients (or previously converted through biosynthesis) serve as enzyme substrates, with conversion by the living organism either into simpler or more complex products.
Amino acidOrganic compounds containing amine and carboxylic groupsStructure of a typical L-alpha-amino acid in the "neutral" formAmino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acidfunctional groups. Although over 500 amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the 22 α-amino acids incorporated into proteins. Only these 22 appear in the genetic code of life.
PeptidePeptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. A polypeptide is a longer, continuous, unbranched peptide chain. Polypeptides that have a molecular mass of 10,000 Da or more are called proteins. Chains of fewer than twenty amino acids are called oligopeptides, and include dipeptides, tripeptides, and tetrapeptides. Amino acids comprise peptides as residues.
Cyanogen bromideCyanogen bromide is the inorganic compound with the formula BrCN. It is a colorless solid that is widely used to modify biopolymers, fragment proteins and peptides (cuts the C-terminus of methionine), and synthesize other compounds. The compound is classified as a pseudohalogen. Synthesis, basic properties, and structureThe carbon atom in cyanogen bromide is bonded to bromine by a single bond and to nitrogen by a triple bond (i.e. Br−C≡N).
Methylene bridgeIn chemistry, a methylene bridge is part of a molecule with formula −CH2−. The carbon atom is connected by single bonds to two other distinct atoms in the rest of the molecule. A methylene bridge is often called a methylene group or simply methylene, as in "methylene chloride" (dichloromethaneCH2Cl2). As a bridge in other compounds, for example in cyclic compounds, it is given the name methano.Chemical formulaA chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas and plus (+) and minus (−) signs. These are limited to a single typographic line of symbols, which may include subscripts and superscripts.LactoneLactones are cyclic carboxylic esters. They are derived from the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acids by esterification. They can be saturated or unsaturated. Lactones are formed by lactonization, the intramolecular esterification of the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acids.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.