Self-incompatibilitySelf-incompatibility (SI) is a general name for any genetic mechanism that prevents self-fertilization in fertile hermaphroditic organisms, and thus encourages outcrossing and allogamy. It is contrasted with separation of sexes among individuals (dioecy), and their various modes of spatial (herkogamy) and temporal (dichogamy) separation. SI is best-studied and particularly common in flowering plants, although it is present in other groups, including sea squirts and fungi.
DistylyDistyly is a breeding system in plants that is characterized by two separate flower morphs, where individual plants produce flowers that have either long styles and short stamens (L-morph flowers) or short styles and long stamens (S-morph flowers).
StamenThe stamen (pl.: stamina or stamens) is a part consisting of the male reproductive organs of a flower. Collectively, the stamens form the androecium. Morphology and terminologyA stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filament and an anther which contains microsporangia. Most commonly, anthers are two-lobed (each lobe is termed a locule) and are attached to the filament either at the base or in the middle area of the anther.
FlowerFlowers, also known as blossoms and blooms, are the reproductive structures of flowering plants. Typically, they are structured in four circular levels around the end of a stalk. These include: sepals, which are modified leaves that support the flower; petals, often designed to attract pollinators; male stamens, where pollen is presented; and female gynoecia, where pollen is received and its movement is facilitated to the egg.
Polymorphism (biology)In biology, polymorphism is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms, also referred to as alternative phenotypes, in the population of a species. To be classified as such, morphs must occupy the same habitat at the same time and belong to a panmictic population (one with random mating). Put simply, polymorphism is when there are two or more possibilities of a trait on a gene.
HerkogamyHerkogamy (or hercogamy) is the spatial separation of the anthers and stigma in hermaphroditic angiosperms. It is a common strategy for reducing self-fertilization.
Primula vulgarisPrimula vulgaris is a species of flowering plant in the familyPrimulaceae, native to Eurasia. The common name of this plant is primrose, or occasionally common primrose or English primrose to distinguish it from other Primula species referred to as primroses. DescriptionPrimula vulgaris is a perennial growing 10–30 centimetres (4–12 inches) tall, with a basal rosette of leaves which are more-or-less evergreen in favoured habitats.
Genetic linkageGenetic linkage is the tendency of DNA sequences that are close together on a chromosome to be inherited together during the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction. Two genetic markers that are physically near to each other are unlikely to be separated onto different chromatids during chromosomal crossover, and are therefore said to be more linked than markers that are far apart.
PhenotypeIn genetics, the phenotype (from Ancient Greek (phaínō)'to appear, show' and (túpos)'mark, type') is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism. The term covers all traits of an organism other than its genome, however transitory: the organism's morphology (physical form and structure), its developmental processes, its biochemical and physiological properties whether reversible or irreversible, and all its behavior, such as a peacock's display.
GeneIn biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of . The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and non-coding genes. During gene expression (the synthesis of RNA or protein from a gene), DNA is first copied into RNA. RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for the synthesis of a protein.
GynoeciumGynoecium (pl.gynoecia) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds. The gynoecium is the innermost whorl of a flower. It consists of one or more pistils, and is typically surrounded by the pollen-producing reproductive organs, the stamens, collectively called the androecium.
DistylyDistyly is a breeding system in plants that is characterized by two separate flower morphs, where individual plants produce flowers that have either long styles and short stamens (L-morph flowers) or short styles and long stamens (S-morph flowers).StamenThe stamen (pl.: stamina or stamens) is a part consisting of the male reproductive organs of a flower. Collectively, the stamens form the androecium. Morphology and terminologyA stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filament and an anther which contains microsporangia. Most commonly, anthers are two-lobed (each lobe is termed a locule) and are attached to the filament either at the base or in the middle area of the anther.FlowerFlowers, also known as blossoms and blooms, are the reproductive structures of flowering plants. Typically, they are structured in four circular levels around the end of a stalk. These include: sepals, which are modified leaves that support the flower; petals, often designed to attract pollinators; male stamens, where pollen is presented; and female gynoecia, where pollen is received and its movement is facilitated to the egg.Polymorphism (biology)In biology, polymorphism is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms, also referred to as alternative phenotypes, in the population of a species. To be classified as such, morphs must occupy the same habitat at the same time and belong to a panmictic population (one with random mating). Put simply, polymorphism is when there are two or more possibilities of a trait on a gene.HerkogamyHerkogamy (or hercogamy) is the spatial separation of the anthers and stigma in hermaphroditic angiosperms. It is a common strategy for reducing self-fertilization.Primula vulgarisPrimula vulgaris is a species of flowering plant in the familyPrimulaceae, native to Eurasia. The common name of this plant is primrose, or occasionally common primrose or English primrose to distinguish it from other Primula species referred to as primroses. DescriptionPrimula vulgaris is a perennial growing 10–30 centimetres (4–12 inches) tall, with a basal rosette of leaves which are more-or-less evergreen in favoured habitats.Genetic linkageGenetic linkage is the tendency of DNA sequences that are close together on a chromosome to be inherited together during the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction. Two genetic markers that are physically near to each other are unlikely to be separated onto different chromatids during chromosomal crossover, and are therefore said to be more linked than markers that are far apart.PhenotypeIn genetics, the phenotype (from Ancient Greek (phaínō)'to appear, show' and (túpos)'mark, type') is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism. The term covers all traits of an organism other than its genome, however transitory: the organism's morphology (physical form and structure), its developmental processes, its biochemical and physiological properties whether reversible or irreversible, and all its behavior, such as a peacock's display.GeneIn biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of . The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and non-coding genes. During gene expression (the synthesis of RNA or protein from a gene), DNA is first copied into RNA. RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for the synthesis of a protein.GynoeciumGynoecium (pl.gynoecia) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds. The gynoecium is the innermost whorl of a flower. It consists of one or more pistils, and is typically surrounded by the pollen-producing reproductive organs, the stamens, collectively called the androecium.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.