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Hapticity

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In coordination chemistry, hapticity is the coordination of a ligand to a metal center via an uninterrupted and contiguous series of atoms. The hapticity of a ligand is described with the Greek letter η ('eta'). For example, η describes a ligand that coordinates through 2 contiguous atoms. In general the η-notation only applies when multiple atoms are coordinated (otherwise the κ-notation is used).

Dihydrogen complexDihydrogen complexDihydrogen complexes are coordination complexes containing intact H2 as a ligand. They are a subset of sigma complexes. The prototypical complex is W(CO)3(PCy3)2(H2). This class of compounds represent intermediates in metal-catalyzed reactions involving hydrogen. Hundreds of dihydrogen complexes have been reported. Most examples are cationictransition metals complexes with octahedral geometry.LigandLigandIn coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule with a functional group that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex. The bonding with the metal generally involves formal donation of one or more of the ligand's electron pairs, often through Lewis bases. The nature of metal–ligand bonding can range from covalent to ionic. Furthermore, the metal–ligand bond order can range from one to three.FerroceneFerroceneOrganometallic compound: Fe(II) sandwiched between two cyclopentadienyl ringsNames Preferred IUPAC nameFerroceneOther names Dicyclopentadienyl ironBis(η-cyclopentadienyl)ironIron(II) cyclopentadienideIdentifiers CAS Number102-54-5ChEBICHEBI:30672ChemSpider7329ECHA InfoCard100.002.764PubChemCID11985121UNIIU96PKG90JQUN number1325 CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID9025326InChIInChI=1S/2C5H5.Fe/c2*1-2-4-5-3-1;/h2*1-5H;/q2*-1;+2Key: KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-NInChI=1/2C5H5.Fe/c2*1-2-4-5-3-1;/h2*1-5H;/q2*-1;+2Key: KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYAZSMILES[CH-]1C=CC=C1.[CH-]1C=CC=C1.[Fe+2]Properties Chemical formulaFe(C5H5)2 Molar mass186.035 g·mol Appearance light orange powder Odorcamphor-like Density1.107 g/cm (0 °C (32 °F; 273 K))1.490 g/cm (20 °C (68 °F; 293 K))Melting point172.5 °C (342.5 °F; 445.6 K) Boiling point249 °C (480 °F; 522 K) Solubility in water0.0001 g/L (20 °C (68 °F; 293 K)) Solubility in ethanolsoluble Solubility in benzenesoluble Solubility in diethyl ethersoluble Solubility in nitric acidsoluble (in dilute) log P3.711 (22 °C (72 °F; 295 K)) Vapor pressure1 Pa (0.00015 psi) (25.00 °C; 77.00 °F (298.15 K))7.5 Pa (0.0011 psi) (47 °C; 116 °F (320 K))80 Pa (0.012 psi) (77 °C; 170 °F (350 K))1 kPa (0.15 psi) (117 °C; 242 °F (390 K)12.3 kPa (1.8 psi) (167 °C; 332 °F (440 K))Structure Point groupD5h (eclipsed)D5d (staggered)Molecular shapeSandwich structure with iron centre Hazards GHS labelling: PictogramsSignal wordDangerHazard statementsH228, H302+H332, H360, H373, H401, H410Precautionary statementsP201, P202, P210, P240, P241, P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P312+P330, P304+P340+P312, P308+P313, P370+P378, P391, P405, P501NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 220Threshold limit value (TLV)10 mg/m (TWA) Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LD50 (median dose)1320 mg/kg (oral, rat)>3000 mg/kg (dermal, rat)NIOSH (US health exposure limits): PEL (Permissible)TWA 15 mg/m (total)TWA 5 mg/m (resp)REL (Recommended)TWA 10 mg/m (total)TWA 5 mg/m (resp)IDLH (Immediate danger)N.D. Related compounds Related compoundsMetallocenef-block metalloceneActinoceneUranoceneNeptunocenePlutonoceneZirconoceneVanadoceneChromoceneBis(benzene)chromiumManganoceneNickeloceneCobaltoceneRuthenoceneRhodoceneOsmoceneStannocenePlumboceneExcept where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).N verify ( ?)Bridging ligandBridging ligandIn coordination chemistry, a bridging ligand is a ligand that connects two or more atoms, usually metal ions. The ligand may be atomic or polyatomic. Virtually all complex organic compounds can serve as bridging ligands, so the term is usually restricted to small ligands such as pseudohalides or to ligands that are specifically designed to link two metals.DenticityDenticityIn coordination chemistry, denticity (from Latin dentis 'tooth') refers to the number of donor groups in a given ligand that bind to the central metal atom in a coordination complex. In many cases, only one atom in the ligand binds to the metal, so the denticity equals one, and the ligand is said to be unidentate or monodentate. Ligands with more than one bonded atom are called multidentate or polydentate.Water of crystallizationWater of crystallizationIn chemistry, water(s) of crystallization or water(s) of hydration are watermolecules that are present inside crystals. Water is often incorporated in the formation of crystals from aqueous solutions. In some contexts, water of crystallization is the total mass of water in a substance at a given temperature and is mostly present in a definite (stoichiometric) ratio.Coordination complexCoordination complexA coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of boundmolecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents. Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include transition metals (elements like titanium that belong to the periodic table's d-block), are coordination complexes.IronIronChemical element with atomic number 26 (Fe)–↑Fe↓Rumanganese ← iron → cobaltAcetyleneAcetyleneAcetylene (systematic name: ethyne) is a chemical compound with the formula C2H2 and structure HC≡CH. It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block. It is unstable in its pure form and thus is usually handled as a solution. Pure acetylene is odorless, but commercial grades usually have a marked odor due to impurities such as divinyl sulfide and phosphine.AtomAtomSmallest unit of a chemical elementAtoms are the basic particles of the chemical elements and the fundamental building blocks of matter. An atom consists of a nucleus of protons and generally neutrons, surrounded by an electromagnetically bound swarm of electrons. The chemical elements are distinguished from each other by the number of protons that are in their atoms. For example, any atom that contains 11 protons is sodium, and any atom that contains 29 protons is copper.Mu (letter)Mu (letter)HistoryArchaic local variants Diacritics and other symbolsDiacriticsάὰᾶἀἁᾱᾰϊᾳσ̌LigaturesϗϛNumerals (Attic)ϛ (6)ϟ (90)ϡ (900) Related topicsUse as scientific symbolsOrthographyRomanizationCyrillizationMu (; uppercase Μ, lowercase μ; Ancient Greekμῦ, Greek: μι or μυ—both ) is the 12th letter of the Greek alphabet, representing the voiced bilabial nasalIPA:. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 40.

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