Fundamental interactionIn physics, the fundamental interactions or fundamental forces are interactions in nature that appear not to be reducible to more basic interactions. There are four fundamental interactions known to exist: gravity, electromagnetism, weak interaction, and strong interaction. The gravitational and electromagnetic interactions produce long-range forces whose effects can be seen directly in everyday life.
General relativityTheory of gravitation as curved spacetimeSlow motion computer simulation of the black hole binary system GW150914, during 0.33 s of its final inspiral, merge, and ringdown. The star field behind the black holes is being heavily distorted and appears to rotate and move, due to extreme gravitational lensing, as spacetime itself is distorted and dragged around by the rotating black holes.
Black holeCompact astronomical bodyAn image of the core region of Messier 87, a supermassive black hole, processed from an array of eight radio telescopes known as the EHT with colours indicating brightness temperatureSimulated view of a nonspinning, uncharged black hole in front of the Large Magellanic Cloud. The gravitational lensing effect produces two enlarged but distorted views of the Cloud. Across the top, the Milky Way disk appears distorted into an arc.
ForceInfluence that can change motion of an objectIn physics, a force is an action that can cause an object to change its velocity or its shape, or to resist other forces, or to cause changes of pressure in a fluid. In mechanics, force makes ideas like pushing or pulling mathematically precise. Because the magnitude and direction of a force are both important, force is a vectorquantity (force vector).
CurvatureIn mathematics, curvature is any of several strongly related concepts in geometry that intuitively measure the amount by which a curve deviates from being a straight line or by which a surface deviates from being a plane. If a curve or surface is contained in a larger space, curvature can be defined extrinsically relative to the ambient space. Curvature of Riemannian manifolds of dimension at least two can be defined intrinsically without reference to a larger space.
Physical objectIn natural language and physical science, a physical object or material object (or simply an object or body) is a collection of matter, usually contiguous, with a defined boundary, that exists in space and time. It is usually contrasted with abstract objects and mental objects. Also in common usage, an object is not constrained to consist of the same collection of matter. Atoms or parts of an object may change over time.
Star formationStar formation is the process by which dense regions within molecular clouds in interstellar space—sometimes referred to as "stellar nurseries" or "star-forming regions"—collapse and form stars. As a branch of astronomy, star formation includes the study of the interstellar medium (ISM) and giant molecular clouds (GMC) as precursors to the star formation process, and the study of protostars and young stellar objects as its immediate products.
Albert EinsteinGerman-born theoretical physicist (1879–1955)PersonalHousePolitical viewsReligious viewsFamilyBrainBlackboardRefrigeratorOppenheimer relationshipPhysicsGeneral relativityMass–energy equivalenceBrownian motionPhotoelectric effectWorksArchivesScientific publicationsAnnus Mirabilis papers (1905)"Investigations on the Theory ofBrownian Movement" (1905)Relativity: The Special andthe General Theory (1916)The World as I See It (1934)"Why Socialism?"
Dark matterHypothetical invisible cosmic materialUnsolved problem in physicsWhat is dark matter?
SpacetimeMathematical model combining space and timeIn physics, spacetime, or the space-time continuum, is a mathematical model that fuses the three dimensions of space and the one dimension of time into a single four-dimensional continuum. Spacetime diagrams are useful in visualizing and understanding relativistic effects, such as how different observers perceive where and when events occur.
UniverseEverything in space and time
HydrogenChemical element with atomic number 1 (H)–↑H↓Li(none) ← hydrogen → helium
Coalescence (physics)Coalescence is the process by which two or more droplets, bubbles, or particles merge during contact to form a single daughter droplet, bubble, or particle. Coalescence manifests itself from a microscopic scale in meteorology to a macroscopic scale in astrophysics. For example, it is seen in the formation of raindrops as well as planetary and star formation. In meteorology, its role is crucial in the formation of rain.
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