Alfred NobelAlfred Bernhard Nobel ( ; Swedish:; 21 October 1833 – 10 December 1896) was a Swedish chemist, inventor, engineer, and businessman. Nobel is known for inventing dynamite, as well as having bequeathed his fortune to establish the Nobel Prizes. He worked on various important contributions and inventions to science, holding 355 patents during his life.
Plastic explosivePlastic explosive is a soft and hand-moldable solid form of explosive material. Within the field of explosives engineering, plastic explosives are also known as putty explosives. Plastic explosives are especially suited for explosive demolition. Common plastic explosives include Semtex and C-4. The first manufactured plastic explosive was gelignite, invented in 1875 by Alfred Nobel.
Potassium nitrateNames IUPAC namePotassium nitrateOther names SaltpeterSaltpetreIndian SaltpetreNitrate of potashNitreIdentifiers CAS Number7757-79-13D model (JSmol)Interactive imageChEMBLChEMBL1644029ChemSpider22843ECHA InfoCard100.028.926EC Number231-818-8E numberE252 (preservatives)KEGGD02051PubChemCID24434RTECS numberTT3700000UNIIRU45X2JN0ZUN number1486 CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID4029692InChIInChI=1S/K.NO3/c;2-1(3)4/q+1;-1Key: FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-NInChI=1/K.NO3/c;2-1(3)4/q+1;-1Key: FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYAMSMILES[K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=OProperties Chemical formulaKNO3Molar mass101.102 g·mol Appearance white solid Odorodorless Density2.109 g/cm (16 °C (61 °F; 289 K)) Melting point334 °C (633 °F; 607 K) Boiling point400 °C (752 °F; 673 K) (decomposes) Solubility in water133 g/L (0 °C (32 °F; 273 K))316 g/L (20 °C (68 °F; 293 K))383 g/L (25 °C (77 °F; 298 K))2439 g/L (100 °C (212 °F; 373 K))Solubilityslightly soluble in ethanol soluble in glycerol, ammoniaBasicity (pKb) 15.3 Magnetic susceptibility (χ)−33.7×10 cm/molRefractive index (nD)1.3351.50561.5604Structure Crystal structureOrthorhombic, AragoniteThermochemistry Heat capacity(C)95.06 J⋅mol·KStd enthalpy offormation(ΔfH298)−494.00 kJ⋅molHazards GHS labelling: PictogramsSignal wordWarningHazard statementsH272Precautionary statementsP210, P220, P221, P280, P370+P378, P501NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 112OXFlash pointnon-flammable (oxidizer) Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LD50 (median dose)1901 mg/kg (oral, rabbit)3750 mg/kg (oral, rat)Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 0184Related compounds Other anionsPotassium nitriteOther cationsLithium nitrateSodium nitrateCalcium nitrateRubidium nitrateStrontium nitrateSilver nitrateCaesium nitrateBarium nitrateAmmonium nitrateRelated compoundsPotassium chloridePotassium sulfateSupplementary data page Potassium nitrate (data page)Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Nverify ( ?)
DynamiteDynamite is an explosive made of nitroglycerin, sorbents (such as powdered shells or clay), and stabilizers. It was invented by the Swedish chemist and engineer Alfred Nobel in Geesthacht, Northern Germany, and was patented in 1867. It rapidly gained wide-scale use as a more robust alternative to the traditional black powder explosives. It allows the use of nitroglycerine's favorable explosive properties while greatly reducing its risk of accidental detonation.
Sodium nitrateNames IUPAC nameSodium nitrateOther names Peru saltpeterSoda nitercubic niterIdentifiers CAS Number7631-99-43D model (JSmol)Interactive imageChEMBLChEMBL1644698ChemSpider22688ECHA InfoCard100.028.686EC Number231-554-3E numberE251 (preservatives)PubChemCID24268RTECS numberWC5600000UNII8M4L3H2ZVZUN number1498 CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID6020937InChIInChI=1S/NO3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/q-1;+1Key: VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-NInChI=1/NO3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/q-1;+1Key: VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYALSMILES[Na+].[O-] [N+]([O-])=OProperties Chemical formulaNaNO3Molar mass84.9947 g/mol Appearance White powder or colorless crystals Odorsweet Density2.257 g/cm, solid Melting point308 °C (586 °F; 581 K) Boiling point380 °C (716 °F; 653 K) decomposes Solubility in water73 g/100 g water (0 °C) 91.2 g/100 g water (25 °C) 180 g/100 g water (100 °C) Solubilityvery soluble in ammonia, hydrazine soluble in alcohol slightly soluble in pyridine insoluble in acetoneMagnetic susceptibility (χ)−25.6·10 cm/mol Refractive index (nD)1.587 (trigonal) 1.336 (rhombohedral) Viscosity2.85 cP (317 °C) Structure Crystal structuretrigonal and rhombohedral Thermochemistry Heat capacity(C)93.05 J/(mol K) Std molarentropy(S298)116 J/(mol K) Std enthalpy offormation(ΔfH298)−467 kJ/mol Gibbs free energy(ΔfG)−365.9 kJ/mol Hazards Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): Main hazardsHarmful (Xn)Oxidant (O) GHS labelling: PictogramsNFPA 704 (fire diamond) 100OXFlash pointNon-flammable Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LD50 (median dose)3236 mg/kg Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 0185Related compounds Other anionsSodium nitriteOther cationsLithium nitratePotassium nitrateRubidium nitrateCaesium nitrateRelated compoundsSodium sulfateSodium chlorideExcept where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Nverify ( ?)
NitrocelluloseNitrocellulose (also known as cellulose nitrate, flash paper, flash cotton, guncotton, pyroxylin and flash string, depending on form) is a highly flammable compound formed by nitratingcellulose through exposure to a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. One of its first major uses was as guncotton, a replacement for gunpowder as propellant in firearms. It was also used to replace gunpowder as a low-order explosive in mining and other applications.
DetonatorSmall explosive device used to trigger a larger explosion Top: small nonel detonator with 2 ms delay for chaining nonel tubes; middle: class B SPD detonator; bottom: class C SPD detonator Inserting detonators into blocks of C-4 explosive A detonator or blasting cap is a small explosive device or small quantity of explosive, which can be combined with a fuse, used for detonating a larger charge of high explosive.
CollodionCollodion is a flammable, syrupy solution of nitrocellulose in ether and alcohol. There are two basic types: flexible and non-flexible. The flexible type is often used as a surgical dressing or to hold dressings in place. When painted on the skin, collodion dries to form a flexible nitrocellulose film. While it is initially colorless, it discolors over time. Non-flexible collodion is often used in theatrical make-up.
ExplosiveAn explosive is a reactive substance that contains a great amount of potential energy that can produce an explosion if released suddenly, usually accompanied by the production of light, heat, sound, and pressure. An explosive charge is a measured quantity of explosive material. The material may either be composed solely of one ingredient or be a mixture containing at least two substances.
QuarryA quarry is a place where rock and earth materials – such as limestone, marble, granite, gravel, and sand – are excavated. The operation of quarries is regulated in some jurisdictions to manage their safety risks and reduce their environmental impact.
CottonPlant fiber from the genus GossypiumCotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose and may contain minor percentages of waxes, fats, pectins, and water. Under natural conditions, cotton bolls facilitate the dispersal of the seeds.
NitroglycerinNitroglycerin (NG, alternative spelling nitroglycerine), also known as trinitroglycerin (TNG), nitro, glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), or 1,2,3-trinitroxypropane, is a dense, colorless or pale yellow, oily, explosive liquid most commonly produced by nitrating glycerol with white fuming nitric acid under conditions appropriate to the formation of the nitric acid ester. Chemically, the substance is a nitrate ester rather than a nitro compound, but the traditional name is retained.
Ethylene glycol dinitrateEthylene glycol dinitrate, abbreviated EGDN and NGC, also known as Nitroglycol, is a colorless, oily, explosive liquid obtained by nitratingethylene glycol. It is similar to nitroglycerine in both manufacture and properties, though it is more volatile and less viscous.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.