ChatGPTGenerative AI chatbot by OpenAIChatGPT is a generative AI chatbot developed by OpenAI. Originally released on November 30, 2022, the product uses large language models—specifically generative pre-trained transformers (GPTs)—to generate text, speech, and images in response to user prompts. ChatGPT accelerated the AI boom, an ongoing period marked by rapid investment and public attention toward the field of artificial intelligence (AI).
Fine-tuning (deep learning)In deep learning, fine-tuning is the process of adapting a computational model trained for one task (the upstream task) to perform a different, usually more specific, task (the downstream task). It is considered a form of transfer learning, as it reuses knowledge learned from the original training objective. Fine-tuning involves applying additional training (e.g., on new data) to the parameters of a neural network that have been pre-trained. Many variants exist.
GPT-5GPT-5 is a multimodallarge language model developed by OpenAI and the fifth in its series of generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) foundation models. Preceded in the series by GPT-4, it was launched on August 7, 2025. It is publicly accessible to users of the chatbot products ChatGPT and Microsoft Copilot as well as to developers through the OpenAI API.
OpenAIUS artificial intelligence companyOpenAI is an American artificial intelligence (AI) public benefit corporation (PBC) headquartered in San Francisco, California. It develops proprietarygenerative AI models, particularly its generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) series of large language models. Its release of ChatGPT in November 2022 has been credited with catalyzing the AI boom; as of September 2026, ChatGPT is the fifth-most-visited website globally.
GPT-5.2GPT-5.2 is a large language model by OpenAI, released on December 11, 2025. Succeeding GPT-5.1, it is a family of three large language models within the GPT series. It comes in three modes: GPT-5.2 instant, GPT-5.2 thinking (with standard and extended thinking), and GPT-5.2 Pro, with the latter two being reasoning models. GPT-5.2 Pro takes more reasoning time and compute than GPT-5.2 thinking. OpenAI also released a variant specialized for coding, GPT-5.2-Codex.
Multimodal learningMultimodal learning is a type of deep learning that integrates and processes multiple types of data, referred to as modalities, such as text, audio, images, or video. This integration allows for a more holistic understanding of complex data, improving model performance in tasks like visual question answering, cross-modal retrieval, text-to-image generation, aesthetic ranking, and image captioning.
DALL-EDALL-E, DALL-E 2, and DALL-E 3 (stylised DALL·E) are text-to-image models developed by OpenAI using deep learning methodologies to generate digital images from natural language descriptions known as prompts. The first version of DALL-E was announced in January 2021. In the following year, its successor DALL-E 2 was released.
GPT ImageGPT Image is a series of image generation and models developed by OpenAI. A text-to-image variant of the GPT family, it uses deep learning methodologies to generate digital images from natural languagedescriptions or images precisely. As the successor to DALL-E, GPT Image is native to ChatGPT as ChatGPT Images and available through the API.
Generative AIAI that generates contentThéâtre D'opéra Spatial (Space Opera Theater, 2022), an image made with Midjourney that won its creator, Jason M. Allen, an award at the Colorado State Fair's fine art competition Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI) that uses generative models to generate text, images, videos, audio, computer code or other forms of digital data.
Generative pre-trained transformerA generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) is a type of large language model (LLM) that is widely used in generative artificial intelligence chatbots. GPTs are based on a deep learning architecture called the transformer. They are pre-trained on large datasets of unlabeled content, and able to generate novel content. OpenAI was the first to apply generative pre-training to the transformer architecture, introducing the GPT-1 model in 2018.
Products and applications of OpenAIThe American artificial intelligence (AI) organization OpenAI has released a variety of products and applications since its founding in 2015. Reinforcement learningAt its beginning, OpenAI's research included many projects focused on reinforcement learning (RL). OpenAI has been viewed as an important competitor to DeepMind. GymAnnounced in 2016, Gym was an open-source Python library designed to facilitate the development of reinforcement learning algorithms.
APIAn application programming interface (API) is a connection between computers or between computer programs. It is a type of software interface, offering a service to other pieces of software. A document or standard that describes how to build such a connection or interface is called an API specification. A computer system that meets this standard is said to implement or expose an API. The term API may refer either to the specification or to the implementation.
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