Thrust leverThrust levers or throttle levers are found in the cockpit of aircraft, and are used by the pilot, copilot, flight engineer, or autopilot to control the thrust output of the aircraft's engines, by controlling the fuel flow to those engines. Throttle levers are also used on many boats. In multi-engine aircraft, each thrust lever displays the engine number of the engine it controls. Normally, there is one thrust lever for each engine.
Compressor stallGas turbine phenomenon Comparison of normal and distorted airflow into the compressor section A compressor stall is a local disruption of the airflow in the compressor of a gas turbine or turbocharger. A stall that results in the complete disruption of the airflow through the compressor is referred to as a compressor surge.
CombustorA combustor is a component or area of a gas turbine, ramjet, or scramjetengine where combustion takes place. It is also known as a burner, burner can, combustion chamber or flame holder. In a gas turbine engine, the combustor or combustion chamber is fed high-pressure air by the compression system. The combustor then heats this air at constant pressure as the fuel/air mix burns. As it burns the fuel/air mix heats and rapidly expands.
Foreign object damageIn aviation and aerospace, the term foreign object damage (FOD) refers to any damage to an aircraft attributed to foreign object debris (also referred to as "FOD"), which is any particle or substance, alien to an aircraft or system which could potentially cause damage to it. External FOD hazards include bird strikes, hail, ice, sandstorms, ash-clouds or objects left on a runway or flight deck.
Jet engineAircraft engine that produces thrust by emitting a jet of gasJet engine during takeoff, showing visible heat haze through hot exhaust gas (GermanwingsAirbus A319-100)A jet engine is a type of reaction engine, discharging a fast-moving jet of heated gas (usually air) that generates thrust by jet propulsion.
Bird strikeA bird strike (sometimes called birdstrike, bird ingestion (for an engine), bird hit, or bird aircraft strike hazard (BASH)) is a collision between a flying animal (usually a bird, occasionally bat) and a moving vehicle (typically an aircraft, occasionally high-speed train or automobile).
Gas-turbine engineType of continuous-flow turbine engineExamples of gas-turbine configurations: (1) turbojet, (2) turboprop, (3) turboshaft (shown as electric generator), (4) high-bypass turbofan, (5) low-bypass afterburning turbofanA gas turbine is a complete continuous-flowinternal combustion engine in which air is compressed, fuel is burned in the compressed air, and the resulting hot gas expands through a turbine.
Volcanic ashNatural material created during volcanic eruptionsAsh cloud from the 2008 eruption of Chaitén volcano, Chile, stretching across Patagonia from the Pacific to the Atlantic OceanAsh plume rising from Eyjafjallajökull on April 17, 2010Volcanic ash deposits on a parked McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 during the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo. While falling ash behaves in a similar manner to snow, the sheer weight of deposits can cause serious damage to buildings and vehicles.
PrecipitationIn meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls from clouds due to gravitational pull. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, rain and snow mixed ("sleet" in Commonwealth usage), snow, ice pellets, graupel and hail. Precipitation occurs when cloud particles become heavy enough that atmospheric motions are insufficient to keep them aloft, such that they "precipitate" or fall.
HailHail is a form of solidatmosphericprecipitation. It is distinct from ice pellets (American English "sleet"), though the two are often confused. It consists of balls or irregular lumps of ice, each of which is called a hailstone. Ice pellets generally fall in cold weather, while hail growth is greatly inhibited during low surface temperatures.
Fuel starvation and fuel exhaustionIn an internal combustion engine, fuel starvation is the failure of the fuel system to supply sufficient fuel to allow the engine to run properly, for example due to blockage, vapor lock, contamination by water, malfunction of the fuel pump or incorrect operation, leading to loss of power or engine stoppage. There is still fuel in the tank(s), but it is not delivered to the engine(s) in sufficient quantity.
Air–fuel ratioAir–fuel ratio (AFR) is the mass ratio of air to a solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel present in a combustion process. The combustion may take place in a controlled manner such as in an internal combustion engine or industrial furnace, or may result in an explosion (e.g., a dust explosion). The air–fuel ratio determines whether a mixture is combustible at all, how much energy is being released, and how much unwanted pollution is produced in the reaction.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.