SofiaSofia is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain, in the western part of the country. The city is built west of the Iskar river and has many mineral springs, such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths. It has a humid continental climate. Known as Serdica in antiquity, Sofia has been an area of human habitation since at least 7000 BC.
Liberation of BulgariaThe Liberation of Bulgaria is the historical process as a result of the Bulgarian Revival. In Bulgarian historiography, the liberation of Bulgaria refers to those events of the Tenth Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) that led to the re-establishment of the Bulgarian state under the Treaty of San Stefano of 3 March 1878. Today Bulgaria observes its National Liberation Day on 3 March.
Balkan WarsBelligerentsFirst Balkan War:Ottoman EmpireFirst Balkan War:BulgariaSerbiaGreeceMontenegroSecond Balkan War:BulgariaSecond Balkan War:SerbiaRomaniaGreeceMontenegroOttoman EmpireCommanders and leadersMehmed VMahmud Şevket PashaXEnver PashaNazım PashaZeki PashaAbdul Kerim PashaKölemen Abdullah PashaHasan Tahsin PashaRauf PashaFerdinand IMihail SavovVasil KutinchevNikola IvanovRadko DimitrievStiliyan KovachevFerdinand IMihail SavovVasil KutinchevNikola IvanovRadko DimitrievRadomir PutnikPetar BojovićStepa StepanovićEleftherios VenizelosCrown Prince ConstantinePavlos KountouriotisNicholas IPrince Danilo PetrovićRadomir PutnikPetar BojovićStepa StepanovićEleftherios VenizelosCrown Prince ConstantinePavlos KountouriotisNicholas IPrince Danilo PetrovićCarol IFerdinand IAlexandru AverescuMehmed VEnver PashaAhmed Izzet PashaStrength 437,000+ 600,000+ 450,000+ 230,000 125,000 44,500Total:850,000 men 348,000 330,000 255,000 148,000 12,800 Total:1,093,800 men 632,000–1,500,000 Ottoman Muslim civilian deaths 400,000–813,000 Ottoman Muslim refugees c. 120,000–270,000Albanian civilians killed 60,000–300,000 Albanians deported from Old Serbia 200,000 East Thracian Bulgarians killed or expelledThe Balkan Wars were two conflicts that took place in the Balkan states in 1912 and 1913.
World War IGlobal conflict from 1914 to 1918BelligerentsAllied Powers: France United Kingdom and Empire:Australia Canada Ceylon EgyptNewfoundlandNew Zealand India South Africa Russia (until 1917) Italy (from 1915) United States(from 1917) Japanand others ...Central Powers: GermanyAustria-HungaryOttoman Empire Bulgaria (from 1915)and others ...Commanders and leadersCasualties and losses 15–22 million deaths (military and civilian)World War I, or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.
World War IIGlobal conflict from 1939 to 1945BelligerentsAlliesAxisCommanders and leadersMain Allied leaders: Joseph StalinFranklin D. RooseveltWinston ChurchillChiang Kai-shekMain Axis leaders: Adolf HitlerHirohitoBenito MussoliniCasualties and losses 60–75 million deaths (military and civilian) World War II, or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945), was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers.
List of cities and towns in BulgariaThis is a complete list of all cities in Bulgaria sorted by population. Province capitals are shown in bold. Primary sources are the National Statistical Institute (NSI) and the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. The largest city is Sofia, with about 1.4 million inhabitants, and the smallest is Melnik, with about 300. Towns are not necessarily larger than all villages.
Kingdom of GreeceToday part ofGreeceTurkey^ On 1 June 1973, the Greek military junta unilaterally abolished the monarchy, then held a rigged referendum on 29 July 1973.
Kingdom of YugoslaviaYugoslavia from 1918 to 1941^Serbian and Croatian, highly mutually intelligible standard languages, were officially considered eastern and western varieties of a common language, contemporarily known as Serbo-Croatian. Slovene was considered a dialect of the common language despite low mutual intelligibility with Serbo-Croatian.
Bulgarian languageBulgarian is an Eastern South Slavic language spoken in Southeast Europe, primarily in Bulgaria. It is the language of the Bulgarians. Along with the closely related Macedonian language (collectively forming Macedo-Bulgarian), it is a member of the Balkan sprachbund and South Slavic dialect continuum of the Indo-European language family.
Kyustendil ProvinceKyustendil Province (Bulgarian: Област Кюстендил, romanized: Oblast Kyustendil) is a province in southwestern Bulgaria, extending over an area of 3,084.3 km2 (1,190.9 sq mi) (constituting 2.7% of the total territory of the Republic of Bulgaria), and with a population of 106 131.
Macedonia (region)Macedonia ( MASS-ih-DOH-nee-ə) is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. The modern region at its maximum extent is considered to span the largest part of northern Greece, known as Greek Macedonia, all of North Macedonia, a large part of southwestern Bulgaria, known as Pirin Macedonia, and small parts of Albania, Serbia, and Kosovo.
RilaRila (Bulgarian: Рила, pronounced) is the highest mountain range of Bulgaria, the Balkan Peninsula, and of Southeast Europe. It is situated in southwestern Bulgaria and forms part of the Rila–Rhodope Massif. The highest summit is Musala at an elevation of 2,925 m which makes Rila the sixth highest mountain range in Europe after the Caucasus, the Alps, Sierra Nevada, the Pyrenees and Mount Etna, and the highest one between the Alps and the Caucasus.
BalkansRegion of southeastern EuropeThe Balkans ( , ), corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the whole of Bulgaria.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.