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A duma (Russian: дума) is a Russian assembly with advisory or legislative functions. The term boyar duma is used to refer to advisory councils in Russia from the 10th to 17th centuries. Starting in the 18th century, city dumas were formed across Russia. The first formally constituted state duma was the Imperial State Duma introduced to the Russian Empire by EmperorNicholas II in 1905. The Emperor retained an absolute veto and could dismiss the State Duma at any time for a suitable reason.

Russian EmpireRussian EmpireRussian state from 1721 to 1917The Russian Empire was an empire that extended across northern Eurasia from 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in 1917, forming the final era of Tsarist Russia and the wider Russian monarchy. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about 22,800,000 km (8,800,000 sq mi), roughly one-sixth of the world's landmass, making it the third-largest empire in history, behind only the British and Mongol empires.State Duma (Russian Empire)State Duma (Russian Empire)The State Duma, also known as the Imperial Duma, was the lower house of the legislature in the Russian Empire, while the upper house was the State Council. It held its meetings in the Tauride Palace in Saint Petersburg. It convened four times between 27 April 1906 and the collapse of the empire in February 1917. The first and the second dumas were more democratic and represented a greater number of nationalities and groups than their successors.City dumaCity dumaA city duma (Russian: Городская дума) is a city-level legislature in Russia, first established in the 18th century. Russian EmpireOriginated in Russia on the basis of a decree issued on 21 April 1785 by Empress Catherine II "The instruments on the rights and benefits of the cities of the Russian Empire" which included the creation of the "General City Duma".History of RussiaHistory of RussiaThe history of Russia begins with the histories of the East Slavs. The traditional start date of specifically Russian history is the establishment of the Rus' state in the north in the year 862, ruled by Varangians.Russian Provisional GovernmentRussian Provisional GovernmentThe Russian Provisional Government was a provisional government of the Russian Empire and Russian Republic, announced two days before and established immediately after the abdication of Nicholas II on 2 March, O.S. [15 March 1917, N.S.], during the February Revolution. The intention of the provisional government was the organization of elections to the Russian Constituent Assembly and its convention.January 1907 Russian legislative electionJanuary 1907 Russian legislative electionLegislative elections were held in the Russian Empire between 21 January and 1 March 1907. The Trudoviks emerged as the largest bloc in the second State Duma, winning 104 of the 518 seats. Only 26 MPs elected the previous year retained their seats. In Congress Poland, the National-Democratic Party won 34 of the 38 seats. The new Duma was opened on 5 March, with Fyodor Alexandrovich Golovin elected as its president.Russian languageRussian languageRussian is an East Slavic language belonging to the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family. It is one of the four extant East Slavic languages, and is the native language of the Russian people. Russian was the de facto (and de jure in its final years) official language of the former Soviet Union.EmperorEmperorAn emperor (from Latin: imperator, via Old French: empereor) is the (male) ruler of an empire. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), mother/grandmother (empress dowager/grand empress dowager), or a woman who rules in her own right and name (empress regnant or suo jure). Emperors are generally recognised to be of the highest monarchic honour and rank, surpassing kings.Nicholas IINicholas IINicholas II (18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July 1918) was the last Emperor of Russia from 1 November 1894 until his abdication in 1917, during the Russian Revolution. A member of the Romanov dynasty, he oversaw the Russian Empire's role in the Russo-Japanese War and the First World War. During the Russian Civil War, Nicholas and his family were executed by Bolshevik forces.VetoVetoLegal power to stop an official actionUS President Ronald Reagan signing a veto of a billA veto is a legal power to unilaterally stop an official action. In the most typical case, a president or monarch vetoes a bill to stop it from becoming law. In many countries, veto powers are established in the country's constitution. Veto powers are also found at other levels of government, such as in state, provincial or local government, and in international bodies.1906 Russian legislative election1906 Russian legislative electionLegislative elections were held in the Russian Empire from 26 March to 20 April 1906. At stake were the 477 seats in the State Duma of the Russian Empire, the legislative assembly. Election for the First State Duma, which only ran from 27 April to 8 July (O.S.) 1906, returned a significant bloc of moderate socialists and two liberal parties which demanded further reforms.LegislatureLegislatureA legislature (UK: , US: ) is a deliberative assembly that holds the legal authority to make law and exercise political oversight within a political entity such as a state, nation, or city. Legislatures are among the principal institutions of state, typically contrasted with the executive and judicial institutions.Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dumaReconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dumaRelated word or term.Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dōmazReconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dōmazRelated word or term.думатьдуматьRelated word or term.

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