Doctor of MedicineA Doctor of Medicine (abbreviated M.D. or MD, from the Latin Medicinae Doctor or Dr med., from the inverse construction) is a medical degree, the meaning of which varies between different jurisdictions. In the United States, and some other countries, the MD denotes a professional degree of physician. This generally arose because many in 18th-century medical professions trained in Scotland, which used the MD degree nomenclature.HabilitationHabilitation is the highest university degree, or the procedure by which it is achieved, in Germany, France, Italy, Poland, Romania and some other European and non-English-speaking countries. The candidate fulfills a university's set criteria of excellence in research, teaching, and further education, which usually includes a second dissertation. The degree, sometimes abbreviated dr. habil. (Doctor habilitatus), dr hab. (doktor habilitowany), or D.Sc.
Master's degreeA Master of Science degree conferred by Columbia University in New York CityA master's degree (from Latinmagister) is a postgraduateacademic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice. A master's degree normally requires previous study at the bachelor's level, either as a separate degree or as part of an integrated course.
Doctor of PhilosophyPostgraduate academic degreeA Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, DPhil; Latin: philosophiae doctor or doctor in philosophia) is a terminal degree that usually denotes the highest level of academic achievement in a given discipline and is awarded following a course of graduate study and original research. The name of the degree is most often abbreviated PhD (or, at times, as Ph.D. in North America) and is pronounced as three separate letters ( ).Academic degreeAn academic degree is a qualification awarded to a student upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education. Academic degrees are commonly structured in levels, most often categorized as undergraduate and postgraduate degrees. The most common undergraduate qualification is the bachelor's degree, although some educational systems also offer lower-level degrees such as the associate degree or the foundation degree.
LicentiateLicentiate dissertation (note text Pro Licentia on cover) of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (University of Strasbourg, 1771)A licentiate (abbreviated Lic.) is an academic degree awarded in many countries, by a variety of types of educational (usually tertiary) institutions, after a variety of courses of study. It can represent completion of study at different educational levels, in Europe it is commonly for postgraduate studies program.
Honorary degreeAn honorary degree or degree honoris causa ("for the sake of the honour") is an academic degree, typically a doctorate, conferred without examination to recognise the honoree's achievements and contributions to society. These are normally titular degrees, with fewer rights than substantive degrees. It may, more broadly, be any degree awarded without examination in order to recognise a person's achievements or their status in a university.
HumanitiesHumanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of humansociety and culture, including certain fundamental questions asked by humans. During the Renaissance, the term "humanities" referred to the study of classical literature and language, as opposed to the study of religion or the concept of "divinity". The study of the humanities was a key part of the secular curriculum in universities at the time.
ProfessionA profession is a field of work that has been formally professionalized. It can be defined as a disciplined group of individuals, professionals, who adhere to ethical standards and are recognized by the public as possessing specialized knowledge and skills grounded in a widely recognized body of learning derived from advanced research, education, and training, and who apply this knowledge and exercise these skills in the interest of others.
LatinLatin (lingua Latina or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area around Rome, Italy. Through the expansion of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language in the Italian Peninsula and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire.
ScienceSystematic endeavour to gain knowledgeScience is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable explanations about nature and society. It is driven by the scientific method: an empirical cycle that typically involves making observations, producing hypotheses, testing them with evidence, and drawing conclusions.
Postgraduate educationPostgraduate education, graduate education, or graduate school consists of academic or professional degrees, certificates, diplomas, or other qualifications usually pursued by post-secondary students who have earned an undergraduate (bachelor's) degree. OrganizationThe organization and structure of postgraduate education vary in different countries and institutions.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.