Quantization (signal processing)Process of mapping a continuous set to a countable setThe simplest way to quantize a signal is to choose the digital amplitude value closest to the original analog amplitude. This example shows the original analog signal (green), the quantized signal (black dots), the signal reconstructed from the quantized signal (yellow) and the difference between the original signal and the reconstructed signal (red).
DistortionIn signal processing, distortion is the alteration of the original shape (or other characteristic) of a signal. In communications and electronics it means the alteration of the waveform of an information-bearing signal, such as an audio signal representing sound or a video signal representing images, in an electronic device or communication channel. Distortion is usually unwanted, and so engineers strive to eliminate or minimize it.
Digital audioDigital audio is a representation of sound recorded in, or converted into, digital form. In digital audio, the sound wave of the audio signal is typically encoded as numerical samples in a continuous sequence. For example, in CD audio, samples are taken 44,100 times per second, each with 16-bit resolution. Digital audio is also the name for the entire technology of sound recording and reproduction using audio signals that have been encoded in digital form.
Image noiseImage noise is random variation of brightness or color information in images. It can originate in film grain and in the unavoidable shot noise of an ideal photon detector. In digital photography is usually an aspect of electronic noise, produced by the image sensor of a digital camera. The circuitry of a scanner can also contribute to the effect. Image noise is often (but not necessarily) an undesirable by-product of image capture that obscures the desired information.
Triangular distributionIn probability theory and statistics, the triangular distribution is a continuous probability distribution with lower limit a, upper limit b, and mode c, where a < b and a ≤ c ≤ b.
Compact discDigital optical disc data storage formatThe compact disc (CD) is a digitaloptical discdata storage format co-developed by Philips and Sony to store and play digital audio recordings. It employs the Compact Disc Digital Audio (CD-DA) standard and is capable of holding uncompressed stereo audio. First released in Japan in October 1982, the CD was the second optical disc format to reach the market, following the larger LaserDisc (LD).
Colour bandingColour banding is a subtle form of posterisation in digital images, caused by the colour of each pixel being rounded to the nearest of the digital colour levels. While posterisation is often done for artistic effect, colour banding is an undesired artefact. In 24-bit colour modes, 8 bits per channel is usually considered sufficient to render images in Rec. 709 or sRGB.
Binary imageA binary image is a digital image that consists of pixels that can have one of exactly two colors, usually black and white. Each pixel is stored as a single bit — i.e. either a 0 or 1. A binary image can be stored in memory as a bitmap: a packed array of bits. A binary image of 640 × 480 pixels has a file size of only 37.5 KiB, and most also compress well with simple run-length compression.
Digital videoDigital video is an electronic representation of moving visual images (video) in the form of encoded digital data. This is in contrast to analog video, which represents moving visual images in the form of analog signals. Digital video comprises a series of digital images displayed in rapid succession, usually at 24, 25, 30, or 60 frames per second. Digital video has many advantages, such as easy copying, multicasting, sharing and storage.GrayscaleIn digital photography, computer-generated imagery, and colorimetry, a grayscale (American English) or greyscale (Commonwealth English) image is one in which the value of each pixel holds no color information. Pixel values are typically stored in the range 0 to 255 (black to white). Grayscale images, are black-and-white or gray monochrome - composed exclusively of shades of gray. The contrast ranges from black at the weakest intensity to white at the strongest.
Mastering (audio)Mastering is a form of audio post-production which is the process of preparing and transferring recorded audio from a source containing the final mix to a data storage device called a master recording, the source from which all copies will be produced (via methods such as pressing, duplication or replication).*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.