Darfur

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Darfur is a region of western Sudan covering 493,180 square kilometers (190,420 sq mi). It consists largely of a semi-desert plateau, with the volcanic Marrah Mountains in its center, and is divided into five federal states: Central, East, North, South, and West Darfur. The Daju people established the first historically attested kingdom in Darfur by the 12th century and were succeeded by the Tunjur people in the 14th century. The Sultanate of Darfur later became a major power in the Sahel under the Keira dynasty.

South DarfurSouth Darfur State (Arabic: ولاية جنوب دارفورWilāyat Ǧanūb Dārfūr; Janob Darfor) is one of the states of Sudan. It is one of the five states that compose the region of Darfur in western Sudan. It borders North Darfur to the north, Central Darfur to the west, Central African Republic and South Sudan to the south, and East Darfur to the east.

North DarfurNorth Darfur State (Arabic: ولاية شمال دارفور Wilāyat Šamāl Dārfūr; Shamal Darfor) is one of the wilayat or states of Sudan. It is one of the five states composing the Darfur region. It borders Libya to the northwest, Chad and West Darfur to the west, the rest of the darfurs to the south, West Kordofan and North Kordofan to the east, and Northern to the northeast. It has an area of 296,420 km and an estimated population of approximately 2,304,950 in 2018.

West DarfurWest Darfur State (Arabic: ولاية غرب دارفور Wilāyat Ḡarb Dārfūr), historically Dar Masalit (Arabic: دار مساليت), is one of the states of Sudan, and one of five comprising the Darfur region. Prior to the creation of two new states in January 2012, it had an area of 79,460 km² and an estimated population of approximately 1,775,945 in 2018. It borders North and Central Darfur to the east.

Sultanate of DarfurToday part ofSudanThe Sultanate of Darfur (Arabic: سلطنة دارفور, romanized: Salṭanat Dārfūr) was a pre-colonial state in present-day Sudan. It existed from the 16th century to 1874, when it fell to the Sudanese warlord Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur, and was re-established again from 1898 to 1916, until it was conquered by the British.

Central DarfurCentral Darfur State (Arabic: ولاية وسط دارفور, romanized: Wilāyat Wasaṭ Dārfūr) is a state in south-western Sudan, and one of five comprising the Darfur region. The state borders North Darfur to the north, South Darfur to the east, Central African Republic to the south, Chad and West Darfur to the west. It was created in January 2012 as a result of the ongoing peace process for the wider Darfur region. The state capital is Zalingei.

SudanSudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the southeast, and South Sudan to the south. Sudan has a population of 51.8 million people as of 2025 and occupies 1,886,068 square kilometres (728,215 square miles), making it Africa's third-largest country by area.Tunjur peopleThe Tunjur (or Tungur) people are a Sunni Muslimethnic group living in eastern Chad and western Sudan. In the 21st century, their numbers have been estimated at 175,000 people. HistoryBased on linguistic and archaeological evidence, the ethnic ancestry of the Tunjur people has been argued by contemporary archaeologist Claude Rilly to go back to Christian Nubia.

East DarfurEast Darfur State (Arabic: ولاية شرق دارفور Wilāyat Šarq Dārfūr; Sharq Darfur) is one of the states of Sudan, and one of five comprising the Darfur region. The state borders North Darfur to the north, South Darfur to the west, South Sudan to the south, and West Kordofan to the east. It was created in January 2012 as a result of the ongoing peace process for the wider Darfur region. The state capital is Ed Daein.

Jebel MarraThe Marrah Mountains or Marra Mountains (Fur, Fugo Marra; جبل مرة, Jebel Marra) are a range of volcanic peaks in a massif that rises up to 3,042 metres (9,980 ft). They are the highest mountains in Sudan. GeographyThe mountains are located in the center of the Darfur region of Sudan on the border of the states of South Darfur and Central Darfur, with a smaller part of the range in the state of North Darfur. The highest point is Deriba Caldera.

States of SudanBelow is a list of the 18 states of the Sudan (Arabic names are in parentheses). Prior to 9 July 2011, the Republic of the Sudan was composed of 25 states. The ten southern states now form part of the independent country of South Sudan. Two additional states were created in 2012 within the Darfur region, and one in 2013 in Kordofan, bringing the total to 18.Daju peopleThe Daju people are a group of seven distinct ethnicities speaking related languages (see Daju languages) living on both sides of the Chad-Sudan border and in the Nuba Mountains. Separated by distance and speaking different languages, at present, they generally have little cultural affinity to each other. The traditional area identified with the Daju are the Daju Hills in the southern portion of the Marrah Mountains located in the Darfur province of Sudan.

SahelThe Sahel region (; from Arabicساحلsāḥil, "coast, shore"), or Sahelian acacia savanna, is a biogeographical region in Africa. It is the transition zone between the more humid Sudanian savannas to its south and the drier Sahara to the north. The Sahel has a hot semi-arid climate and stretches across the southernmost latitudes of North Africa between the Atlantic Ocean and the Red Sea.

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