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Culdees

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The Culdees (Irish: Céilí Dé, lit.'Spouses of God'; pronounced) were members of ascetic Christianmonastic and eremitical communities of Ireland, Scotland, Wales and England in the Middle Ages. Appearing first in Ireland and then in Scotland, they were subsequently attached to cathedral or collegiate churches. Though they did not take monastic vows, they lived in monastic fashion. EtymologyAccording to the Swiss theologian Philip Schaff, the term Culdee or Ceile De, or Kaledei, first appeared in the 8th century.

ArmaghArmaghArmagh ( ; Irish: Ard Mhacha, IPA:, "Macha's height") is a city and the county town of County Armagh, in Northern Ireland, as well as a civil parish. It is the ecclesiastical capital of Ireland – the seat of the Archbishops of Armagh, the Primates of All Ireland for both the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Ireland. In ancient times, nearby Navan Fort (Eamhain Mhacha) was a pagan ceremonial site and one of the great royal capitals of Gaelic Ireland.Celtic ChristianityCeltic ChristianityChristianity in the Celtic language–speaking world during the early Middle AgesA Celtic Cross in Knock, IrelandCeltic Christianity is a term previously used by historians for a form of Christianity which was held to have been common across the Celtic-speaking world during the Early Middle Ages.St AndrewsSt AndrewsSt Andrews (Scottish Gaelic: Cill Rìmhinn) is a coastal university town on the east coast of Fife in Scotland, 10 miles (16 kilometres) southeast of Dundee and 30 miles (50 kilometres) northeast of Edinburgh. St Andrews had a population of 16,460 in 2022, making it Fife's fourth-largest settlement and the 45th most populous settlement in Scotland. The town is named after Saint Andrew the Apostle.Irish languageIrish languageCeltic language indigenous to the island of IrelandThe first chapter of Mo Sgéal Féin, read by native Irish speaker Mairéad Uí Lionáird in the Muskerry Gaeltacht (Gaeltacht Mhúscraí)Problems playing this file?ScotlandScotlandScotland (Scots: Scotland; Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and adjacent islands, principally in the archipelagos of the Hebrides and the Northern Isles. In 2022, the country's population was about 5.4 million. Its capital city is Edinburgh, whilst Glasgow is the largest and the most populous of the cities in the country.IrelandIrelandIsland in the North Atlantic OceanIreland is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially named Ireland – a sovereign state covering five-sixths of the island) and Northern Ireland (part of the United Kingdom – covering the remaining sixth). It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel.EnglandEnglandCountry within the United KingdomNot to be confused with United Kingdom.England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and more than 100 smaller adjacent islands.MonasticismMonasticismMonasticism (from Ancient Greek (monakhós)'solitary, monastic'; from (mónos)'alone'), also called monachism or monkhood, is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual activities. Monastic life plays an important role in many Christian churches, and in the Catholic, Orthodox and Anglican traditions as well as in other faiths such as Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.WalesWalesCountry within the United KingdomWales (Welsh: Cymru) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Located on the island of Great Britain, it is bordered by the Irish Sea to the north and west, England to the east, the Bristol Channel to the south, and the Celtic Sea to the south-west. As of 2021, it had a population of 3.1 million. It has a total area of 21,218 square kilometres (8,192 sq mi) and over 2,700 kilometres (1,680 mi) of coastline.Middle AgesMiddle AgesA medieval stained glass panel from Canterbury Cathedral, c. 1175 – c. 1180, depicting the Parable of the Sower, a biblical narrativeDurationc.HermitHermitA hermit, also known as an eremite (adjectival form: hermitic or eremitic) or solitary, is a person who lives in seclusion. Eremitism plays a role in a variety of religions. DescriptionIn Christianity, the term was originally applied to a Christian who lives the eremitic life out of a religious conviction, namely the Desert Theology of the Old Testament (i.e., the 40 years wandering in the desert that was meant to bring about a change of heart).Literal translationLiteral translationLiteral translation, direct translation, word-for-word translation, word-by-word translation, or word-to-word translation is the translation of a text done by translating each word separately without analysing how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence. In translation theory, another term for literal translation is metaphrase (as opposed to paraphrase for an analogous translation).

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