Methyl groupIn organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula CH3 (whereas normal methane has the formula CH4). In formulas, the group is often abbreviated as Me. This hydrocarbon group occurs in many organic compounds. It is a very stable group in most molecules.
PhenolsIn organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of one or more hydroxylgroups (−OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The simplest is phenol, C6H5OH. Phenolic compounds are classified as simple phenols or polyphenols based on the number of phenol units in the molecule. Phenols are both synthesized industrially and produced by plants and microorganisms.
IsomerIn chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with an identical molecular formula – that is, the same number of atoms of each element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space. Isomerism refers to the existence or possibility of isomers. Isomers do not necessarily share similar chemical or physical properties.
MoleculeA molecule is a group of two or more atoms that are held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions that satisfy this criterion. In quantum physics, organic chemistry, and biochemistry, the distinction from ions is dropped and molecule is often used when referring to polyatomic ions.
PhenolPhenol (also known as carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile and can catch fire. The molecule consists of a phenyl group (−C6H5) bonded to a hydroxy group (−OH). Mildly acidic, it requires careful handling because it can cause chemical burns. It is acutely toxic and is considered a health hazard.
Coal tarCoal tar is a viscous dark liquid that is a by-product of deriving coke and coal gas from coal. Coal tar has long been a source of useful chemicals as well as a general wood preservative. Although not common, it is used topically for relief from some skin conditions. HistoryCoal tar has been produced since about 1665. Much later, in the production of coke and illumination gases ("town gas"), it was an undesirable byproduct. Soon it was found to be a source of solvents.
Organic compoundOrganic compounds are a subclass of chemical compounds of carbon. Little consensus exists among chemists on the exact definition of organic compound; the only universally accepted definition is the quasi-tautological "organic compounds are the subject matter of organic chemistry". Generally, any large chemical compound containing a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond is accepted as an organic compound.
Melting pointThe melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium. The melting point of a substance depends on pressure and is usually specified at a standard pressure such as 1 atmosphere or 100 kPa.
OdorAn odor (American English) or odour (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is a smell or a scent caused by one or more volatilized chemical compounds generally found in low concentrations that humans and many animals can perceive via their olfactory system.
CreosoteCreosote is a category of carbonaceous chemicals formed by the distillation of various tars and pyrolysis of plant-derived material, such as wood, or fossil fuel. They are typically used as preservatives or antiseptics. Some creosote types were used historically as a treatment for components of seagoing and outdoor wood structures to prevent rot (e.g., bridgework and railroad ties, see image).
Atmosphere of EarthThe atmosphere of Earth consists of a multi-layered gas mixture (commonly referred to as air) surrounding the Earth's planetary surface, which is retained by gravity. Like the atmospheres of other planets, Earth's atmosphere also contains variable quantities of suspended aerosols and particulates that create weather features such as clouds and hazes.
Structural chemistryStructural chemistry is a part of chemistry and deals with the connectivity and shape of individual chemical species, which includes molecules, ions, and polymers. Structure is central to understanding the behavior of chemical species, so the topic is foundational. Structure is integrated into the major branches of chemistry, i.e. inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.