Soft drinkSweetened non-alcoholic drink, often carbonatedA tumbler of cola served with ice cubesSoft drink vending machine in Kyoto Station, JapanA soft drink (see § Terminology for other names) is a class of beverage containing no alcohol, usually (but not necessarily) carbonated, and typically including added sweetener. Flavors can be natural, artificial or a mixture of the two.
Kola nutThe kola nut is the seed of certain species of plant of the genus Cola, placed formerly in the cocoa family Sterculiaceae, and now usually subsumed in the mallow family Malvaceae (as subfamily Sterculioideae). These species are trees native to the tropical rainforests of Africa. Their caffeine-containing seeds are used as flavoring ingredients in various carbonated soft drinks; the name "cola" for a variety of soft drink is derived from this use.
SugarSweet-tasting, water-soluble carbohydratesSugars (clockwise from top-left): white refined, unrefined, brown, unprocessed cane sugar Sugar is a class of sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. Simple sugars, also called monosaccharides, include glucose, fructose and galactose.
CaffeineCentral nervous system stimulantPharmaceutical compoundClinical dataPronunciation Other namesGuaranineMethyltheobromine1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine7-methyltheophylline TheineAHFS/Drugs.comMonographLicense dataUS DailyMed: CaffeinePregnancycategoryAU: ADependenceliabilityPhysical: Low–moderate (9–30%) Psychological: Low–moderateAddictionliabilityNoneRoutes ofadministrationCommon: By mouth Medical: IntravenousUncommon: Insufflation, rectal, transdermal, topical, buccal, sublingual, inhalationDrug classStimulant;Adenosinergic;Eugeroic;Nootropic;Anxiogenic; Analeptic; PDE inhibitor;DiureticATC codeN06BC01 (WHO) D11AX26 (WHO), V04CG30 (WHO)Legal statusLegal statusAU: UnscheduledBR: UnscheduledCA: UnscheduledDE: UnscheduledNZ: UnscheduledUK: General sales list (GSL, OTC)US: UnscheduledUN: UnscheduledCN: OTCSE: Unscheduled In general legal for all usesPharmacokinetic dataBioavailability99%Protein binding10–36%MetabolismPrimary: CYP1A2Minor: CYP2E1, CYP3A4,CYP2C8, CYP2C9MetabolitesParaxanthine 84%Theobromine 12%Theophylline 4%Onset of action45 minutes–1 hourElimination half-lifeAdults: 3–7 hoursInfants (full term): 8 hoursInfants (premature): 100 hoursDuration of action3–4 hoursExcretionUrine (100%)IdentifiersIUPAC name1,3,7-Trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dioneCAS Number58-08-2PubChemCID2519IUPHAR/BPS407DrugBankDB00201ChemSpider2424UNII3G6A5W338EKEGGD00528ChEBICHEBI:27732ChEMBLChEMBL113NIAID ChemDBnonePDB ligandCFF (PDBe, RCSB PDB)CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID0020232ECHA InfoCard100.000.329Chemical and physical dataFormulaC8H10N4O2Molar mass194.194 g·mol3D model (JSmol)Interactive imageDensity1.23 g/cmMelting point235 to 238 °C (455 to 460 °F) (anhydrous)SMILESCN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C(=O)N2C)CInChIInChI=1S/C8H10N4O2/c1-10-4-9-6-5(10)7(13)12(3)8(14)11(6)2/h4H,1-3H3Key:RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-NData pageCaffeine (data page)Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class and is the most commonly consumed psychoactive drug globally.
Cola acuminataCola acuminata is a species in the genus Cola, of the family Malvaceae, native to tropical Africa. It is generally known for its fruit, the kola nut, chewed as a source of caffeine in West Africa and used to impart the cola flavour in manufactured beverages such as Coca-Cola.
CitrusCitrus is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the family Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, such as citrons, mandarins, and pomelos. Many important citrus crops have been developed through extensive hybridization, including oranges, lemons, grapefruits, and limes, all of which have many cultivars. Citrus is native to South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and Australia.
VanillaSpice extracted from Vanilla orchidsVanilla planifolia, flowerDried vanilla beansVanilla is a spice derived from orchids of the genus Vanilla, primarily obtained from the seed pods of the flat-leaved Mexican and Central American vanilla (V. planifolia). Vanilla is not autogamous, so pollination is required to produce the pods. In 1837, the Belgian botanist Charles François Antoine Morren discovered this and pioneered a method of artificially pollinating the plant.
CinnamonCinnamon is a spice obtained from the inner bark of several tree species from the genus Cinnamomum. Cinnamon is used mainly as an aromatic condiment and flavouring additive in a wide variety of cuisines, in particular sweet and savoury dishes such as biscuits, breakfast cereals, snack foods, bagels, teas, hot chocolate, and traditional foods.
StimulantStimulants (also called a central nervous system stimulant, psychostimulant, or colloquially an upper) are a class of psychoactive drugs that increase alertness. They are used for various purposes, such as enhancing attention, motivation, cognition, mood, and physical activity. Some stimulants occur in nature while others are synthetic. Common stimulants include caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylphenidate, and modafinil.
Essential oilEssential oils are composed of hydrophobic volatile organic compounds, usually in liquid form, obtained from plant material. Essential oils are also known as volatile oils, ethereal oils, aetheroleum, or simply as the oil of the plant from which they were extracted, such as oil of clove. An essential oil is essential in the sense that the oil contains the fragrance or essence of the plant.
Sugar substituteA sugar substitute or artificial sweetener is a food additive that provides a sweetness like that of sugar while containing significantly less food energy than sugar-based sweeteners, making it a zero-calorie (non-nutritive) or low-calorie sweetener. Artificial sweeteners may be derived from plant extracts or processed by chemical synthesis. Sugar substitute products are commercially available in various forms, such as small pills, powders and packets.CarbonationCarbonation is the chemical reaction of carbon dioxide to give carbonates, bicarbonates, and carbonic acid. In chemistry, the term is sometimes used in place of carboxylation, which refers to the formation of carboxylic acids. In inorganic chemistry and geology, carbonation is common.
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