KaoliniteKaolinite ( KAY-ə-lə-nyte, -lih-; also called kaolin) is a clay mineral, having the chemical composition Al2Si2O5(OH)4. It is a layered silicate mineral, with one "tetrahedral" sheet of silicate tetrahedra (SiO4) linked to one "octahedral" sheet of aluminate octahedrons (AlO2(OH)4) through oxygen atoms on one side, and another such sheet linked through hydrogen bonds on the other side.
Silicate mineralSilicate minerals are rock-forming minerals made up of silicate groups. They are the largest and most important class of minerals and make up approximately 90 percent of Earth's crust. In mineralogy, the crystalline forms of silica (SiO2) are usually considered to be tectosilicates, and they are classified as such in the Dana classification system (75.1). However, the Nickel–Strunz classification categorizes them as oxide minerals (4.DA).
Planetary surfaceA planetary surface is where the solid or liquid material of certain types of astronomical objects contacts the atmosphere or outer space. Planetary surfaces are found on solid objects of planetary mass, including terrestrial planets (including Earth), dwarf planets, natural satellites, planetesimals and many other small Solar System bodies (SSSBs).
Alkali metalGroup of highly reactive chemical elementsnoble gases ← → alkaline earth metalsFrancium is here represented by Uraninite (uranium ore mostly composed of uranium dioxide (UO2), which contains U, which then decays into francium among other things.
HydroxideChemical compound (OH–)NamesIUPAC nameHydroxideSystematic IUPAC nameOxidanide (not recommended)IdentifiersCAS Number14280-30-93D model (JSmol)Interactive imageChEBICHEBI:16234ChemSpider936PubChemCID961UNII9159UV381PInChIInChI=1S/H2O/h1H2/p-1SMILES[OH-]PropertiesChemical formulaOHMolar mass17.007g·mol Basicity (pKb)0.0 Conjugate acidWaterConjugate baseOxide anionRelated compoundsRelated compoundsO2HOHO2H2OExcept where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25°C [77°F], 100kPa).Chemical compoundHydroxide (occasionally hydroxyl ion) is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH.
Alkaline earth metalGroup of chemical elementsalkali metals ← → group 3The alkaline earth metals are six chemical elements in group 2 of the periodic table. They are beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra). The elements have very similar properties: they are all shiny, silvery-white, somewhat reactivemetals, and they are less reactive than the alkali metals at standard temperature and pressure.
OxygenChemical element with atomic number 8 (O)–↑O↓Snitrogen ← oxygen → fluorine
AbiogenesisLife arising from non-living matterStages in the origin of life process range from the well understood, such as the habitable Earth and the abiotic synthesis of simple molecules, to the largely unknown, like the derivation of the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) with its complex molecular functionalities.Abiogenesis or the origin of life (sometimes called biopoiesis) is the natural process by which life arises from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds.HydrateIn chemistry, a hydrate is a substance that contains water or its constituent elements. The chemical state of the water varies widely between different classes of hydrates, some of which were so labeled before their chemical structure was understood.
AluminiumB↑Al↓Gamagnesium ← aluminium → silicon
SiliconChemical element with atomic number 14 (Si)C↑Si↓Gealuminium ← silicon → phosphorus
IronChemical element with atomic number 26 (Fe)–↑Fe↓Rumanganese ← iron → cobalt
MagnesiumChemical element with atomic number 12 (Mg)Be↑Mg↓Casodium ← magnesium → aluminium*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.