Povidone-iodinePovidone-iodine (PVP-I), also known as iodopovidone, is an antiseptic used for skin disinfection before and after surgery. It may be used both to disinfect the hands of healthcare providers and the skin of the person they are caring for. It may also be used for minor wounds. It may be applied to the skin as a liquid, an ointment or a powder. Side effects include skin irritation and sometimes swelling.
AntisepticAn antiseptic (Greek: ἀντί, romanized: anti, lit.'against' and σηπτικός, sēptikos, 'putrefactive') is an antimicrobial substance or compound that is applied to living tissue to reduce the possibility of sepsis, infection, or putrefaction. Antiseptics are generally distinguished from antibiotics by the latter's ability to safely destroy bacteria within the body, and from disinfectants, which destroy microorganisms found on non-living objects.Skin disinfectionSkin disinfection is a process that involves the application of a disinfectant to reduce levels of microorganisms on the skin. Disinfecting the skin of the patient and the hands of the healthcare providers are an important part of surgery. Skin disinfection may be accomplished with a number of solutions including povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, alcohol based solutions, and cetrimide.
DisinfectantA disinfectant is a chemical substance or compound used to inactivate or destroy microorganisms on inert surfaces. Disinfection does not necessarily kill all microorganisms, especially resistant bacterial spores; it is less effective than sterilization, which is an extreme physical or chemical process that kills all types of life.
WoundA wound is any disruption of or damage to living tissue, such as skin, mucous membranes, or organs. Wounds can either be the sudden result of direct trauma (mechanical, thermal, chemical), or can develop slowly over time due to underlying disease processes such as diabetes mellitus, venous/arterial insufficiency, or immunologic disease.
Dental plaqueDental plaque is a biofilm of microorganisms (mostly bacteria, but also fungi) that grows on surfaces within the mouth. It is a sticky colorless deposit at first, but when it forms tartar, it is often brown or pale yellow. It is commonly found between the teeth, on the front of teeth, behind teeth, on chewing surfaces, along the gumline (supragingival), or below the gumline cervical margins (subgingival).
Human toothHuman teeth function to mechanically break down items of food by cutting and crushing them in preparation for swallowing and digesting. As such, they are considered part of the human digestive system. Humans have four types of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, and molars, which each have a specific function. The incisors cut the food, the canines tear the food and the molars and premolars crush the food.
EthanolOrganic compoundNames Pronunciation Preferred IUPAC nameEthanolOther names Absolute alcoholAlcoholCologne spiritDrinking alcoholEthylic alcoholEthyl alcoholEthyl hydroxideEthylene hydrateEthylolGrain alcoholHydroxyethaneMethylcarbinolIdentifiers CAS Number64-17-53D model (JSmol)Interactive imageAbbreviations EtOH Beilstein Reference1718733 ChEBICHEBI:16236ChEMBLChEMBL545ChemSpider682DrugBankDB00898ECHA InfoCard100.000.526Gmelin Reference787 IUPHAR/BPS2299KEGGC00469PubChemCID702UNII3K9958V90MUN numberUN 1170 CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID9020584InChIInChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3Key: LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-NInChI=1/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3Key: LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYABSMILESOCCProperties Chemical formulaC2H6OMolar mass46.069 g·mol Appearance Colorless liquid Odorwine-like, pungent Density0.78945 g/cm (at 20 °C) Melting point−114.14 ± 0.03 °C (−173.45 ± 0.05 °F; 159.01 ± 0.03 K) Boiling point78.23 ± 0.09 °C (172.81 ± 0.16 °F; 351.38 ± 0.09 K) Solubility in waterMisciblelog P−0.31 Vapor pressure5.95 kPa (at 20 °C) Acidity (pKa) 15.9 (H2O), 29.8 (DMSO) Magnetic susceptibility (χ)−33.60·10 cm/mol Refractive index (nD)1.3611 Viscosity1.2 mPa·s (at 20 °C), 1.074 mPa·s (at 25 °C) Dipole moment1.69 D Hazards GHS labelling: PictogramsSignal wordDangerHazard statementsH225, H319, H360DPrecautionary statementsP210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P305+P351+P338NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 230Flash point14 °C (57 °F; 287 K) (Absolute) Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LD50 (median dose)7060 mg/kg (oral, rat)3450 mg/kg (mouse)NIOSH (US health exposure limits): PEL (Permissible)TWA 1000 ppm (1900 mg/m) REL (Recommended)TWA 1000 ppm (1900 mg/m) IDLH (Immediate danger)3300 ppm Safety data sheet (SDS) Related compounds Related compoundsEthaneMethanolSupplementary data page Ethanol (data page)Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).N verify ( ?)
AcetateAn acetate is a salt formed by the combination of acetic acid with a base (e.g. alkaline, earthy, metallic, nonmetallic, or radical base). "Acetate" also describes the conjugate base or ion (specifically, the negatively charged ion called an anion) typically found in aqueous solution and written with the chemical formula C2H3O2.
LiquidState of matter The formation of a spherical droplet of liquid water minimizes the surface area, which is the natural result of surface tension in liquids.
PregnancyTime of offspring development in mother's bodyMedical conditionPregnancy is the time during which one or more offspringgestates inside a woman's uterus. A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins. Conception usually occurs following vaginal intercourse, but can also occur through assisted reproductive technology procedures. A pregnancy may end in a live birth, a miscarriage, an induced abortion, or a stillbirth.
SporeIn biology, a spore is a unit of sexual (in fungi) or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, fungi and protozoa. They were thought to have appeared as early as the mid-late Ordovician period as an adaptation of early land plants.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.