Roman legionLargest military unit of the Roman army The Roman Empire under Hadrian (r. 117–138), showing the legions deployed in its senatorial provinces The Roman legion (Latin: legiō, Latin: [ˈɫɛɡioː]) was the largest military unit of the Roman army, composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries. During the Roman Republic the manipular legion comprised 4,200 infantry and 300 cavalry.
FortificationA fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a militaryconstruction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latinfortis ("strong") and facere ("to make"). From very early history to modern times, defensive walls have often been necessary for cities to survive in an ever-changing world of invasion and conquest.
Roman RepublicPeriod of Roman history (c. 509 – 27 BC) Roman RepublicRes publica Romanac.Towns of ancient GreeceThe archetypical settlement in ancient Greece was the self-governing city state called the polis (Ancient Greek: πόλις), but other types of settlement occurred.
Umbrian languageUmbrian is an extinctItalic language formerly spoken by the Umbri in the ancient Italian region of Umbria. Within the Italic languages it is closely related to the Oscan group and is therefore associated with it in the group of Osco-Umbrian languages, a term generally replaced by Sabellic in modern scholarship. Since that classification was first formulated, a number of other languages in ancient Italy were discovered to be more closely related to Umbrian.
Proto-Italic languageAncestor of Latin and other Italic languagesThe Proto-Italic language is the ancestor of the Italic languages, most notably Latin and its descendants, the Romance languages. It is not directly attested in writing but has been reconstructed to some degree through the comparative method. Proto-Italic descended from the earlier Proto-Indo-European language.Italic languagesThe Italic languages form a branch of the Indo-European language family, whose earliest known members were spoken on the Italian Peninsula in the first millennium BC. The most important of the ancient Italic languages was Latin, the official language of ancient Rome, which conquered the other Italic peoples before the common era.
Roman armyThe Roman Army (Latin: Exercitus Romanus) served ancient Rome and the Roman people enduring through the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), the Roman Republic (509–27 BC), and the Roman Empire (27 BC – AD 476/1453), including the Western Roman Empire (collapsed AD 476/480) and the Eastern Roman Empire (collapsed AD 1453).
Julius PokornyJulius Pokorny (12 June 1887 – 8 April 1970) was an Austrian-Czech linguist and scholar of the Celtic languages and of Celtic studies, particularly of the Irish language, and a supporter of Irish nationalism. He held academic posts in Austrian and German universities. Early life and educationJulius Pokorny was born on 12 June 1887 in Prague, Bohemia, under the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Oscan languageOscan is an extinct Indo-European language of southern Italy. The language is in the Osco-Umbrian or Sabellic branch of the Italic languages. Oscan is therefore a close relative of Umbrian and South Picene. Oscan was spoken by a number of tribes, including the Samnites, the Lucani, the Aurunci (Ausones), and the Sidicini. The latter two tribes were often grouped under the name "Osci".
Roman Empire27 BC–476/1453 AD state and civilization
LatinLatin (lingua Latina or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area around Rome, Italy. Through the expansion of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language in the Italian Peninsula and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.