Four-stroke engineA four-stroke (also four-cycle) engine is an internal combustion engine (ICE or IC engine) in which the piston completes four separate strokes while turning the crankshaft. A stroke refers to the full travel of the piston along the cylinder, in either direction. The four separate strokes are termed: Intake: Also known as induction or suction. This stroke of the piston begins at top dead center (T.D.C.) and ends at bottom dead center (B.D.C.).
Bernoulli's principlePrinciple relating to fluid dynamicsA flow of air through a Venturi meter.Carter CarburetorThe Carter Carburetor Company was an American manufacturer of carburetors, primarily for the automobile industry. It was established in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1909 and ceased operation in 1985. Founder William Carter started experimenting with automotive carburetors while running a successful bicycle shop. His first, a cast brass model, could meter and deliver fuel more accurately than many competing units.
Diesel engineType of internal combustion engine that uses compression to create combustion 1952 Shell Oil film showing the development of the diesel engine from 1877A diesel engine is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of diesel fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanicalcompression; thus, the diesel engine is also called a compression-ignition engine (or CI engine).
Small engineA small engine is the general term for a wide range of small-displacement, low-powered internal combustion engines used to power lawn mowers, generators, concrete mixers and many other machines that require independent power sources. These engines often have simple designs, for example an air-cooled single-cylinder petrol engine with a pull-cord starter, capacitor discharge ignition and a gravity-fed carburetor.
Internal combustion engineAn internal combustion engine (ICE or IC engine) is a heat engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by combustion applies direct force to components of the engine.
Venturi effectThe Venturi effect is the reduction in fluid pressure that results when a moving fluid speeds up as it is funneled from one section of a pipe to another, smaller section. As the fluid flows into a smaller area, the fluid's velocity increases, while the static pressure decreases. The Venturi effect is an example of Bernoulli's principle. The Venturi effect is named after its discoverer, the Italian Physicist Giovanni Battista Venturi, and was first published in 1797.
Fuel injectionFuel injection is the introduction of fuel in an internal combustion engine, most commonly automotive engines, by means of a fuel injector. This article focuses on fuel injection in reciprocating piston and Wankel rotary engines. All compression-ignition engines (e.g., diesel engines), and many spark-ignition engines (i.e., petrol (gasoline) engines, such as Otto or Wankel), use fuel injection of one kind or another.
Pitot tubeA pitot tube ( PEE-toh; also pitot probe) measures stagnation pressure, which together with a measured static pressure, is used to calculate flow velocity. It was invented by French engineer Henri Pitot during his work with aqueducts and published in 1732, and modified to its modern form in 1858 by Henry Darcy. It is widely used to determine the airspeed of aircraft; the water speed of boats; and the flow velocity of liquids, air, and gases in industry.
Cold start (automotive)A cold start is an attempt to start a vehicle's engine when ambient temperatures are much lower than its normal operating temperature. A cold start can be difficult for an engine due to higher viscosity of oil and fuel in cold temperatures. Generally speaking, diesel engines have more difficulty starting at low outside temperatures than gasoline engines.
EmulsionAn emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable or unblendable) owing to liquid-liquid phase separation. Emulsions are part of a more general class of two-phase systems of matter called colloids. Although the terms colloid and emulsion are sometimes used interchangeably, emulsion more narrowly refers to when both phases, dispersed and continuous, are liquids.
GasolineLiquid fuel derived from petroleumGasoline in a glass jarGasoline (North American English) or petrol (in other English-speaking countries) is a petrochemical product, a transparent, yellowish and flammable liquid normally used as a fuel for spark-ignited internal combustion engines. It is chemically composed of organic compounds derived from the fractional distillation of petroleum and later chemically enhanced with gasoline additives.
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