Stress (biology)Stress, whether physiological, biological or psychological, is an organism's response to a stressor, such as an environmental condition or change in life circumstances. When stressed by stimuli that alter an organism's environment, multiple systems respond across the body. In humans and most mammals, the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are the two major systems that respond to stress.
Figure (wood)In wood, figure refers to the general appearance of wood, as seen on a longitudinal surface (side-grain), either in the tangential or the radial surfaces. DescriptionIn wood, figure refers to the appearance of wood, as seen on a longitudinal surface (side-grain). A figured wood is not plain. The figure of a particular piece of wood is, in part, due to its grain and, in part, due to the cut, or to innate properties of the wood.
Trunk (botany)Trunks, also called boles, are the stems of woody plants and the main structural element of trees. The woody part of the trunk consists of dead but structurally significant heartwood and living sapwood, which is used for nutrient storage and transport. Separating the wood from the bark is the cambium, from which trunks grow in diameter. Bark is divided between the living inner bark (the phloem), which transports sugars, and the outer bark, which is a dead protective layer.
Wood grainWood grain is the longitudinal arrangement of wood fibers or the pattern resulting from such an arrangement. It has various derived terms referring to different aspects of the fibers or patterns. Wood grain is important in woodworking and it impacts aesthetics. Definition and meaningsWood grain is the longitudinal arrangement of wood fibers or the pattern resulting from such an arrangement.
BranchA branch, also called a ramus in botany, is a stem that grows off from another stem, or when structures like veins in leaves are divided into smaller veins.
DeformityPhysical abnormality in a living organism Chinese circus performer with craniosynostosis, 1927 A deformed sucker cluster on an arm of an octopus A deformity, dysmorphism, or dysmorphic feature is a major abnormality of an organism that makes a part of the body appear or function differently than how it is supposed to.
HyperplasiaHyperplasia (from Ancient Greek (hupér)'over' and (plásis)'formation'), or hypergenesis, is an enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the amount of tissue that results from cell proliferation. It may lead to the gross enlargement of an organ, and the term is sometimes confused with benign neoplasia or benign tumor. Hyperplasia is a common preneoplastic response to stimulus. Microscopically, cells resemble normal cells but are increased in numbers.
XylemXylem is one of the two types of transport tissue in vascular plants, the other being phloem; both of these are part of the vascular bundle. The basic function of the xylem is to transport water upward from the roots to parts of the plants such as stems and leaves, but it also transports nutrients. EtymologyThe word xylem is derived from the Ancient Greek word (xúlon), meaning "wood"; the best-known xylem tissue is wood, though it is found throughout a plant.
PoachingPoaching is the illegal hunting or capturing of wild animals, usually associated with land use rights. Poaching was once performed by impoverished peasants for subsistence purposes and to supplement meager diets. It was set against the hunting privileges of nobility and territorial rulers. Since the 1980s, the term "poaching" has also been used to refer to the illegal harvesting of wild plants.
Vascular cambiumThe vascular cambium is the main growth tissue in the stems and roots of many plants exhibiting secondary growth, specifically in dicots such as buttercups and oak trees, gymnosperms such as pine trees, as well as in certain other vascular plants. It produces secondary xylem inwards, towards the pith, and secondary phloem outwards, towards the bark. Generally, more secondary xylem is produced than secondary phloem.
WoodFibrous material from trees or other plantsWood is a structural tissue/material found as xylem in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. Being a natural material, it is characterized as an organic material – a natural composite of cellulosic fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin and hemicelluloses that resists compression.
MoldA mold (US, PH) or mould (UK, CW) is one of the structures that certain fungi can form. The dust-like, colored appearance of molds is due to the formation of spores containing fungal secondary metabolites. The spores are the dispersal units of the fungi. Not all fungi form molds. Some fungi form mushrooms or ascomata; others grow as single cells and are called yeasts. A large and taxonomically diverse number of fungal species form molds.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.