InflorescenceIn botany, an inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a plant's stem that is composed of a main branch or a system of branches. An inflorescence is categorized on the basis of the arrangement of flowers on a main axis (peduncle) and by the timing of its flowering (determinate and indeterminate). Morphologically, an inflorescence is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed on the axis of a plant.
FlowerFlowers, also known as blossoms and blooms, are the reproductive structures of flowering plants. Typically, they are structured in four circular levels around the end of a stalk. These include: sepals, which are modified leaves that support the flower; petals, often designed to attract pollinators; male stamens, where pollen is presented; and female gynoecia, where pollen is received and its movement is facilitated to the egg.
LeafA leaf (pl.: leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, stem, flower, and fruit collectively form the shoot system.
SavannaA savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland-grassland (i.e. grassy woodland) biome and ecosystem characterised by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. The open canopy allows sufficient light to reach the ground to support an unbroken herbaceous layer consisting primarily of grasses.
GerminationGermination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed or spore. The term is applied to the sprouting of a seedling from a seed of an angiosperm or gymnosperm, the growth of a sporeling from a spore, such as the spores of fungi, ferns, bacteria, and the growth of the pollen tube from the pollen grain of a seed plant. Seed plantsGermination is usually the growth of a plant contained within a seed resulting in the formation of the seedling.
FrugivoreA frugivore ( ) is an animal that thrives mostly on fruits. Approximately 20% of mammalian herbivores eat fruit. Frugivores are highly dependent on the abundance and nutritional composition of fruits. Frugivores can benefit or hinder fruit-producing plants by either dispersing or destroying their seeds through digestion. When both the fruit-producing plant and the frugivore benefit by fruit-eating behavior the interaction is a form of mutualism.
BractIn botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves in size, color, shape or texture. They also look different from the parts of the flower, such as the petals or sepals. A plant having bracts is referred to as bracteate or bracteolate, while one that lacks them is referred to as ebracteate or ebracteolate.
Petiole (botany)In botany, the petiole (), commonly known as the leaf stem or leaf stalk, is the stalk that attaches the leaf to the twigs, branches or stems of a plant. The terms and are applied, respectively, to leaves with and without petioles. DescriptionThe petiole is a stalk that attaches a leaf to the rest of a plant. In some species, it is able to twist the leaf to face the sun, thus optimizing its exposure to sunlight.
CatkinA catkin or ament is a slim, cylindrical flower cluster (a spike), with inconspicuous or no petals, usually wind-pollinated (anemophilous) but sometimes insect-pollinated (as in Salix). It contains many, usually unisexual flowers, arranged closely along a central stem that is often drooping. Catkins are found in many plant families, including Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Moraceae, and Salicaceae.
Fan palmFan palm as a descriptive term can refer to any of several different kinds of palms (Arecaceae) in various genera with leaves that are palmately lobed (rather than pinnately compound). Most are members of the subfamily Coryphoideae, though a few genera in subfamily Calamoideae (Mauritia, Mauritiella and Lepidocaryum) also have palmate leaves.
JaggeryJaggery is a traditional non-centrifugal cane sugar consumed in South Asia, Southeast Asia, North America, Central America, Brazil and parts of Africa. It is a concentrated product of cane juice and, depending on the region, date palm or other palm sap, produced without separating the molasses from the sugar crystals. It can range in colour from golden brown to dark brown. Jaggery is similar to muscovado, another form of non-centrifugal cane sugar.
Papua New GuineaCountry in OceaniaFlagEmblemMotto: 'Unity in diversity'Anthem: "O Arise, All You Sons"Royal anthem: "God Save the King"Location of Papua New Guinea (green)Capitaland largest cityPort Moresby09°28′44″S147°08′58″E / 9.47889°S 147.14944°E / -9.47889; 147.14944Official languagesEnglishHiri MotuPNG Sign LanguageTok PisinIndigenous languages839 languagesReligion (2011)95.5% Christianity (official) 64.3% Protestantism26.0% Catholicism5.2% other Christian3.1% unspecified1.4% others or noneDemonymPapua New GuineanGovernmentUnitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy• MonarchCharles III• Governor-GeneralBob Dadae• Prime MinisterJames MarapeLegislatureNational ParliamentIndependence from Australia• Territory of Papua1 September 1906• Territory of New Guinea19 May 1921• Administrative union1 July 1949• Self-governing 1 December 1973• Independence16 September 1975Area • Total462,840 km (178,700 sq mi) (54th)• Water (%)2.2Population• 2021 estimate 11,781,559 (93rd)• 2024 census10,185,363• Density25.5/km (66.0/sq mi)GDP (PPP)2025 estimate• Total $41.810 billion (135th)• Per capita $3,760 (162nd)GDP (nominal)2025 estimate• Total $32.840 billion (108th)• Per capita $2,560 (142nd)Gini (2009)41.9medium inequalityHDI (2023) 0.576medium (160th)CurrencyKina (PGK)Time zoneUTC+10, +11 (PNGST)Calling code+675ISO 3166 codePGInternet TLD.pgPapua New Guinea (PNG), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia.
DioecyDioecy (from Ancient Greek (dioikía)'two households'; adj. dioecious) is a characteristic of species that have distinct unisexual individuals, each producing either male or female gametes, either directly (in animals) or indirectly (in seed plants). Dioecious reproduction is biparental reproduction. Dioecy has costs, since only the females directly produce offspring.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.