ScientometricsScientometrics is a quantitative discipline that studies science through mathematical and statistical methods, analyzing both scientific output and the dynamics of research. Major research issues in scientometrics include the measurement of the impact of research papers and academic journals, the understanding of scientific citations, and the use of such measurements in policy and management contexts.
Eugene GarfieldEugene Eli Garfield (September 16, 1925 – February 26, 2017) was an American linguist and businessman, one of the founders of bibliometrics and scientometrics. He helped to create Current Contents, (SCI), , and Index Chemicus, among others, and founded the magazine The Scientist. Early life and educationGarfield was born in 1925 in New York City as Eugene Eli Garfinkle, his mother being of Lithuanian Jewish ancestry.Citation analysisCitation analysis is the examination of the frequency, patterns, and graphs of citations in documents. It uses the directed graph of citations – links from one document to another document – to reveal properties of the documents. A typical aim would be to identify the most important documents in a collection. A classic example is that of the citations between academic articles and books.
Library and information scienceLibrary and Information Science (LIS) are two academic disciplines that study all aspects of the creation, organization, documentation, management, communication, and use of recorded information. It underlies a variety of professional activities such as information management, librarianship, and archiving and records management, educating professionals for work in those areas, and carrying out research to improve practice.Web of ScienceThe Web of Science (WoS; previously known as Web of Knowledge) is a paid-access platform that provides (typically via the internet) access to multiple databases that provide reference and citation data from academic journals, conference proceedings, and other documents in various academic disciplines. It was originally produced by the Institute for Scientific Information until 1997. It is currently owned by Clarivate.
Open scienceOpen science (also known as open research) is the movement to make scientific research, including publications, data, physical samples, software, and models, transparent and accessible to all levels of society through collaborative networks.ScopusScopus is a scientific abstract and citation database, launched by the academic publisher Elsevier as a competitor to older Web of Science in 2004. The ensuing competition between the two databases has been characterized as "intense" and is considered to significantly benefit their users in terms of continuous improvement in coverage, search/analysis capabilities, but not in price. Free database The Lens completes the triad of main universal academic research databases.
Citation graphA citation graph (or citation network), in information science and bibliometrics, is a directed graph that describes the citations within a collection of documents. Each vertex (or node) in the graph represents a document in the collection, and each edge is directed from one document toward another that it cites (or vice versa depending on the specific implementation).
PageRankAlgorithm used by Google Search to rank web pagesAn animation of the PageRank algorithm running on a small network of pages. The size of the nodes represents the perceived importance of the page, and arrows represent hyperlinks.A simple illustration of the Pagerank algorithm. The percentage shows the perceived importance, and the arrows represent hyperlinks.PageRank (PR) is an algorithm used by Google Search to rankweb pages in their search engine results.
Derek J. de Solla PriceDerek John de Solla Price (22 January 1922 – 3 September 1983) was a British physicist, historian of science, and information scientist. He was known for his investigation of the Antikythera mechanism, an ancient Greek planetary computer, and for quantitative studies on scientific publications, which led to his being described as the "Herald of scientometrics". BiographyPrice was born in Leyton, England, to Philip Price, a tailor, and Fanny de Solla, a singer.Science Citation Index ExpandedThe Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) is a citation index owned by Clarivate and previously by Thomson Reuters. It was created by Eugene Garfield at the Institute for Scientific Information, launched in 1964 as Science Citation Index (SCI). It was later distributed via CD/DVD and became available online in 1997, when it acquired the current name.
Linguistic descriptionIn the study of language, description or descriptive linguistics is the work of objectively analyzing and describing how language is actually used (or how it was used in the past) by a speech community. All academic research in linguistics is descriptive; like all other scientific disciplines, it aims to describe reality, without the bias of preconceived ideas about how it ought to be.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.