Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire, also known historically as Turkey or the Turkish Empire, was a state that spanned much of Southeastern Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th century to the early 20th century, centred in modern-day Turkey. It also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
AlbaniaCountry in Southeastern EuropeAlbania, officially the Republic of Albania, is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located in the Balkans, on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the , and shares land borders with Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, North Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south. With an area of 28,748 km (11,100 sq mi), it has a varied range of climatic, geological, hydrological and morphological conditions.
BalkansRegion of southeastern EuropeThe Balkans ( , ), corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the whole of Bulgaria.
Balkan WarsBelligerentsFirst Balkan War:Ottoman EmpireFirst Balkan War:BulgariaSerbiaGreeceMontenegroSecond Balkan War:BulgariaSecond Balkan War:SerbiaRomaniaGreeceMontenegroOttoman EmpireCommanders and leadersMehmed VMahmud Şevket PashaXEnver PashaNazım PashaZeki PashaAbdul Kerim PashaKölemen Abdullah PashaHasan Tahsin PashaRauf PashaFerdinand IMihail SavovVasil KutinchevNikola IvanovRadko DimitrievStiliyan KovachevFerdinand IMihail SavovVasil KutinchevNikola IvanovRadko DimitrievRadomir PutnikPetar BojovićStepa StepanovićEleftherios VenizelosCrown Prince ConstantinePavlos KountouriotisNicholas IPrince Danilo PetrovićRadomir PutnikPetar BojovićStepa StepanovićEleftherios VenizelosCrown Prince ConstantinePavlos KountouriotisNicholas IPrince Danilo PetrovićCarol IFerdinand IAlexandru AverescuMehmed VEnver PashaAhmed Izzet PashaStrength 437,000+ 600,000+ 450,000+ 230,000 125,000 44,500Total:850,000 men 348,000 330,000 255,000 148,000 12,800 Total:1,093,800 men 632,000–1,500,000 Ottoman Muslim civilian deaths 400,000–813,000 Ottoman Muslim refugees c. 120,000–270,000Albanian civilians killed 60,000–300,000 Albanians deported from Old Serbia 200,000 East Thracian Bulgarians killed or expelledThe Balkan Wars were two conflicts that took place in the Balkan states in 1912 and 1913.
World War IGlobal conflict from 1914 to 1918BelligerentsAllied Powers: France United Kingdom and Empire:Australia Canada Ceylon EgyptNewfoundlandNew Zealand India South Africa Russia (until 1917) Italy (from 1915) United States(from 1917) Japanand others ...Central Powers: GermanyAustria-HungaryOttoman Empire Bulgaria (from 1915)and others ...Commanders and leadersCasualties and losses 15–22 million deaths (military and civilian)World War I, or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.Shatter belt (geopolitics)Shatter belt, shatter zone or crush zone is a concept in geopolitics referring to strategically-positioned and -oriented regions on a political map that are deeply internally divided and encompassed in the competition between the great powers in geostrategic areas and spheres. The term was first applied in geopolitics in 1961 by Gordon East, an American scholar from Indiana University Bloomington.
GeopoliticsGeopolitics (from Ancient Greek γῆ gê 'earth, land' and πολιτική politikḗ 'politics') is the study of the effects of Earth's geography on politics and international relations.
PejorativeA pejorative word, phrase, slur, or derogatory term is a word or grammatical form expressing a negative or disrespectful connotation, a low opinion, or a lack of respect toward someone or something. It is also used to express criticism, hostility, or disregard. Sometimes, a term is regarded as pejorative in some social or ethnic groups but not in others or may be originally pejorative but later adopt a non-pejorative sense (or vice versa) in some or all contexts.
World War IIGlobal conflict from 1939 to 1945BelligerentsAlliesAxisCommanders and leadersMain Allied leaders: Joseph StalinFranklin D. RooseveltWinston ChurchillChiang Kai-shekMain Axis leaders: Adolf HitlerHirohitoBenito MussoliniCasualties and losses 60–75 million deaths (military and civilian) World War II, or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945), was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers.
SecessionSecession is the unilateral withdrawal of an integral part of a state's territory. Secession generally aims to establish a separate political entity, typically a sovereign state, although it may instead seek accession to another existing state. Secession often begins with an act such as a declaration of independence, and may be pursued peacefully or through armed conflict. Scholars distinguish secession from related concepts such as separatism.
BalkanizationRelated word or term.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.