LogarithmMathematical function, inverse of an exponential functionPlots of logarithm functions, with three commonly used bases. The special points logb b = 1 are indicated by dotted lines, and all curves intersect in logb 1 = 0.In mathematics, the logarithm of a number is the exponent by which another fixed value, the base, must be raised to produce that number. For example, the logarithm of 1000 to base 10 is 3, because 1000 is 10 to the 3rd power: 1000 = 10 = 10 × 10 × 10.
NumberUsed to count, measure, and labelSet inclusions between the natural numbers (ℕ), the integers (ℤ), the decimal fractions (𝔻), the rational numbers (ℚ), the real numbers (ℝ), and the complex numbers (ℂ)A number is a mathematical object used to count, measure, and label. The most basic examples are the natural numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and so forth.
AdditionAddition, usually denoted with the plus sign +, is one of the four basic operations of arithmetic, the other three being subtraction, multiplication, and division. The addition of two whole numbers results in the total or sum of those values combined. For example, the adjacent image shows two columns of apples, one with three apples and the other with two apples, totaling to five apples.
MultiplicationArithmetical operationFour bags with three marbles per bag gives twelve marbles (4 × 3 = 12).Multiplication can also be thought of as scaling. Here, 2 is being multiplied by 3 using scaling, giving 6 as a result.Multiplication is one of the four elementary mathematical operations of arithmetic, with the other ones being addition, subtraction, and division. The result of a multiplication operation is called a product.
Real numberIn mathematics, a real number is a number that can be used to measure a continuous one-dimensionalquantity such as a length, duration or temperature. Here, continuous means that pairs of values can have arbitrarily small differences. Every real number can be almost uniquely represented by an infinite decimal expansion.SubtractionSubtraction (which is signified by the minus sign, −) is one of the four arithmetic operations along with addition, multiplication and division. Subtraction is an operation that represents removal of objects from a collection. For example, in the adjacent picture, there are 5 − 2 peaches—meaning 5 peaches with 2 taken away, resulting in a total of 3 peaches. Therefore, the difference of 5 and 2 is 3; that is, 5 − 2 = 3.Division (mathematics)Division is one of the four basic operations of arithmetic. The other operations are addition, subtraction, and multiplication. What is being divided is called the dividend, which is divided by the divisor, and the result is called the quotient. At an elementary level the division of two natural numbers is, among other possible interpretations, the process of calculating the number of times one number is contained within another.
Nth rootArithmetic operation, inverse of nth powerModern notation for the nth root of the variablexIn mathematics, an nth root of a numberx is the number r which, when multiplied by itself n times, yields x: rn=r×r×⋯×r⏟n factors=x.{\displaystyle r^{n}=\underbrace {r\times r\times \dotsb \times r} _{n{\text{ factors}}}=x.} The positive integern is called the index or degree, and the number x of which the root is taken is the radicand.
ExponentiationArithmetic operationGraphs of y = b for various bases b. Each curve passes through the point (0, 1) because any nonzero number raised to the power of 0 is 1.
IntegerAn integer is the number zero (0), a positive natural number (1, 2, 3, ...), or the negation of a positive natural number (−1, −2, −3, ...). The negations or additive inverses of the positive natural numbers are referred to as negative integers.
FractionRatio of two numbersA cake with one quarter (one fourth) removed. The remaining three fourths are shown by dotted lines and labeled by the fraction 1⁄4.A fraction (from Latin: fractus, "broken") represents a part of a whole or, more generally, any number of equal parts. When spoken in everyday English, a fraction describes how many parts of a certain size there are, for example, one-half, eight-fifths, three-quarters.
MathematicsMathematics is a field of knowledge concerned with abstract concepts such as numbers, geometric shapes, sets, functions, and probabilities. It uses logical reasoning and proof to study and establish their properties, often expressed as theorems, formulas, and equations. Mathematics is used to model and solve problems in science, engineering, technology, economics, and everyday life.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.