RancidificationRancidification is the process of complete or incomplete autoxidation or hydrolysis of fats and oils when exposed to air, light, moisture, or bacterial action, producing short-chain aldehydes, ketones and free fatty acids. When these processes occur in food, undesirable odors and flavors can result. In processed meats these flavors are collectively known as warmed-over flavor. In certain cases the flavors can be desirable, as in aged cheeses.
GlutathioneGlutathione (GSH, ) is a tripeptide made of the amino acids glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. It is an antioxidant in plants, animals, fungi, and some bacteria and archaea. Glutathione is capable of preventing damage to important cellular components caused by sources such as reactive oxygen species, free radicals, peroxides, lipid peroxides, and heavy metals. It is the most abundant and important low-molecular-mass thiol within most cell types.
Radical (chemistry)In chemistry, a radical, also known as a free radical, is an atom, molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron. With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make radicals highly chemically reactive. Radicals are important in combustion, atmospheric chemistry, polymerization, plasma chemistry, biochemistry, and many other chemical processes.
PolymerIUPAC definitionA polymer is a substance composed of macromolecules. A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
Chemical reactionA chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. When chemical reactions occur, the atoms are rearranged and the reaction is accompanied by an energy change as new products are generated.
LubricantA lubricant (sometimes shortened to lube) is a substance that helps to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact, which ultimately reduces the heat generated when the surfaces move. It may also have the function of transmitting forces, transporting foreign particles, or heating or cooling the surfaces. A lubricant's effectiveness against friction is measured as its lubricity and the study of lubrication in material science is known as tribology.
BacillithiolBacillithiol (BSH or Cys-GlcN-mal) is a thiol compound found in Bacillus species. It is likely involved in maintaining cellular redox balance and plays a role in microbial resistance to the antibiotic fosfomycin. StructureChemically, it is a glycoside formed between L-cysteinyl-D-glucosamine and malic acid.
FuelA fuel is any material that can react with other substances to release energy as thermal energy or to be used for work. The concept was originally applied solely to those materials capable of releasing chemical energy but has since also been applied to other sources of heat energy, such as nuclear energy (via nuclear fission and nuclear fusion). The heat energy released by reactions of fuels can be converted into mechanical energy via a heat engine.
MycothiolNames IUPAC name(2R)-2-acetamido-N-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(2R,3S,5R,6R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxycyclohexyl]oxyoxan-3-yl]-3-sulfanylpropanamideOther names MycothiolIdentifiers CAS Number192126-76-43D model (JSmol)Interactive imageChEBICHEBI:16768ChemSpider10193006KEGGC06717PubChemCID441148UNIIRTA4HG7FQ7CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID901027171InChIInChI=1S/C17H30N2O12S/c1-4(21)18-5(3-32)16(29)19-7-9(23)8(22)6(2-20)30-17(7)31-15-13(27)11(25)10(24)12(26)14(15)28/h5-15,17,20,22-28,32H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,18,21)(H,19,29)/t5-,6+,7+,8+,9+,10-,11-,12+,13+,14+,15-,17+/m0/s1Key: MQBCDKMPXVYCGO-FQBKTPCVSA-NInChI=1/C17H30N2O12S/c1-4(21)18-5(3-32)16(29)19-7-9(23)8(22)6(2-20)30-17(7)31-15-13(27)11(25)10(24)12(26)14(15)28/h5-15,17,20,22-28,32H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,18,21)(H,19,29)/t5-,6+,7+,8+,9+,10-,11-,12+,13+,14+,15-,17+/m0/s1Key: MQBCDKMPXVYCGO-FQBKTPCVBGSMILESCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)O)O)O)CO)O)OProperties Chemical formulaC17H30N2O12SMolar mass486.49 g·mol Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Nverify ( ?)
Chemical compoundA chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds. A molecule consisting of atoms of only one element, called homonuclear molecule, is therefore not a compound. A compound can be transformed into a different substance by a chemical reaction, which may involve interactions with other substances.
Food spoilageFood spoilage is the process whereby food becomes unsuitable for human consumption due to issues of food safety. Spoilage is caused by bacteria and various fungi. An estimated third of the food produced every year for human consumption globally, is lost due to spoilage. Various factors such as type of product, packaging and storage, and whether any to preservative measures are taken, ;e.g. freezing, canning, processing contribute to the product’s shelf life.
RedoxRedox ( RED-oks, REE-doks, reduction–oxidation or oxidation–reduction) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of the reactants change. Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state. Reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in the oxidation state. The oxidation and reduction processes occur simultaneously in the chemical reaction. Redox reactions fall into two classes.
GlutathioneGlutathione (GSH, ) is a tripeptide made of the amino acids glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. It is an antioxidant in plants, animals, fungi, and some bacteria and archaea. Glutathione is capable of preventing damage to important cellular components caused by sources such as reactive oxygen species, free radicals, peroxides, lipid peroxides, and heavy metals. It is the most abundant and important low-molecular-mass thiol within most cell types.Radical (chemistry)In chemistry, a radical, also known as a free radical, is an atom, molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron. With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make radicals highly chemically reactive. Radicals are important in combustion, atmospheric chemistry, polymerization, plasma chemistry, biochemistry, and many other chemical processes.PolymerIUPAC definitionA polymer is a substance composed of macromolecules. A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.Chemical reactionA chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. When chemical reactions occur, the atoms are rearranged and the reaction is accompanied by an energy change as new products are generated.LubricantA lubricant (sometimes shortened to lube) is a substance that helps to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact, which ultimately reduces the heat generated when the surfaces move. It may also have the function of transmitting forces, transporting foreign particles, or heating or cooling the surfaces. A lubricant's effectiveness against friction is measured as its lubricity and the study of lubrication in material science is known as tribology.BacillithiolBacillithiol (BSH or Cys-GlcN-mal) is a thiol compound found in Bacillus species. It is likely involved in maintaining cellular redox balance and plays a role in microbial resistance to the antibiotic fosfomycin. StructureChemically, it is a glycoside formed between L-cysteinyl-D-glucosamine and malic acid.FuelA fuel is any material that can react with other substances to release energy as thermal energy or to be used for work. The concept was originally applied solely to those materials capable of releasing chemical energy but has since also been applied to other sources of heat energy, such as nuclear energy (via nuclear fission and nuclear fusion). The heat energy released by reactions of fuels can be converted into mechanical energy via a heat engine.MycothiolNames IUPAC name(2R)-2-acetamido-N-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(2R,3S,5R,6R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxycyclohexyl]oxyoxan-3-yl]-3-sulfanylpropanamideOther names MycothiolIdentifiers CAS Number192126-76-43D model (JSmol)Interactive imageChEBICHEBI:16768ChemSpider10193006KEGGC06717PubChemCID441148UNIIRTA4HG7FQ7CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID901027171InChIInChI=1S/C17H30N2O12S/c1-4(21)18-5(3-32)16(29)19-7-9(23)8(22)6(2-20)30-17(7)31-15-13(27)11(25)10(24)12(26)14(15)28/h5-15,17,20,22-28,32H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,18,21)(H,19,29)/t5-,6+,7+,8+,9+,10-,11-,12+,13+,14+,15-,17+/m0/s1Key: MQBCDKMPXVYCGO-FQBKTPCVSA-NInChI=1/C17H30N2O12S/c1-4(21)18-5(3-32)16(29)19-7-9(23)8(22)6(2-20)30-17(7)31-15-13(27)11(25)10(24)12(26)14(15)28/h5-15,17,20,22-28,32H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,18,21)(H,19,29)/t5-,6+,7+,8+,9+,10-,11-,12+,13+,14+,15-,17+/m0/s1Key: MQBCDKMPXVYCGO-FQBKTPCVBGSMILESCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)O)O)O)CO)O)OProperties Chemical formulaC17H30N2O12SMolar mass486.49 g·mol Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Nverify ( ?)Chemical compoundA chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds. A molecule consisting of atoms of only one element, called homonuclear molecule, is therefore not a compound. A compound can be transformed into a different substance by a chemical reaction, which may involve interactions with other substances.Food spoilageFood spoilage is the process whereby food becomes unsuitable for human consumption due to issues of food safety. Spoilage is caused by bacteria and various fungi. An estimated third of the food produced every year for human consumption globally, is lost due to spoilage. Various factors such as type of product, packaging and storage, and whether any to preservative measures are taken, ;e.g. freezing, canning, processing contribute to the product’s shelf life.RedoxRedox ( RED-oks, REE-doks, reduction–oxidation or oxidation–reduction) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of the reactants change. Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state. Reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in the oxidation state. The oxidation and reduction processes occur simultaneously in the chemical reaction. Redox reactions fall into two classes.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.