Single-page applicationA single-page application (SPA) is a web application or website that interacts with the user by dynamically rewriting the current web page with new data from the web server, instead of the default method of loading entire new pages. The goal is faster transitions that make the website feel more like a nativeapp.
Web frameworkA web framework (WF), web application framework (WAF), or web development framework is a software framework that is designed to support the development of web applications including web services, web resources, and web APIs. Web frameworks provide a standard way to build and deploy web applications on the World Wide Web. Web frameworks aim to automate the overhead associated with common activities performed in web development.
Web applicationA web application (or web app) is application software that is created with web technologies and runs via a web browser. Web applications emerged during the late 1990s and allowed the server to dynamically build a response to a request, in contrast to static web pages. Web applications are commonly distributed via a web server. There are several different tier systems that web applications use to communicate between the web browsers, the client interface, and server data.
JavaScriptJavaScript (JS) is a programming language and core technology of the Web, alongside HTML and CSS. Created by Brendan Eich in 1995, it is maintained by Ecma International's TC39 technical committee, with related Web APIs maintained by W3C and WHATWG. In 2025, JavaScript was the most widely used programming language on GitHub. However, TypeScript, a statically typed superset of JavaScript that is stricter about types, overtook JavaScript on GitHub by August 2025.
Model–view–viewmodelModel–view–viewmodel (MVVM) is a layer architecture design in computer software that facilitates the separation of the development of a graphical user interface (GUI; the view)—be it via a markup language or GUI code—from the development of the business logic or back-end logic (the model) such that the view is not dependent upon any specific model platform.
Model–view–controllerModel–view–controller (MVC) is a software architectural pattern commonly used for developing user interfaces that divides the related program logic into three interconnected elements.
GoogleAmerican multinational technology companyGoogle LLC ( , ) is an American multinational technology corporation focused on information technology, online advertising, search engine technology, email, cloud computing, software, quantum computing, e-commerce, consumer electronics, and artificial intelligence (AI). It has been referred to as "the most powerful company in the world" by the BBC, and is one of the world's most valuable brands.
Software testingChecking software against expectationsTestingCup – Polish Championship in Software Testing, Katowice, May 2016Software testing is the act of checking whether software meets its intended objectives and satisfies expectations. Software testing can provide objective, independent information about the quality of software and the risk of its failure to a user or sponsor or any other stakeholder.MongoDBMongoDB is a source-available, cross-platform, document-oriented database program. Classified as a NoSQL database product, MongoDB uses JSON-like documents (called BSON) with optional schemas. Released in February 2009 by 10gen (now MongoDB Inc.), it supports features like sharding, replication, and ACID transactions (from version 4.0). MongoDB Atlas, its managed cloud service, operates on AWS, Google Cloud Platform, and Microsoft Azure.
MEAN (solution stack)MEAN (MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS (or Angular), and Node.js) is a source-availableJavaScriptsoftware stack for building dynamic web sites and web applications. A variation known as MERN replaces Angular with React.js front-end, and another named MEVN use Vue.js as front-end. Because all components of the MEAN stack support programs that are written in JavaScript, MEAN applications can be written in one language for both server-side and client-side execution environments.
Free and open-source softwareFree and open-source software (FOSS) is software available under a license that gives users the right to use, share, modify, and distribute the software — modified or not — to everyone and provides the means to exercise those rights using the software's source code. FOSS is an inclusive umbrella term encompassing free software and open-source software.
Progressive web appA progressive web application (PWA), or progressive web app, is a type of web app that can be installed on a device as a standalone application. PWAs are installed using the offline cache of the device's web browser. PWAs were introduced from 2016 as an alternative to native (device-specific) applications, with the advantage that they do not require separate bundling or distribution for different platforms.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.