AmmoniumNames IUPAC nameAmmonium ionSystematic IUPAC nameAzaniumIdentifiers CAS Number14798-03-93D model (JSmol)Interactive imageChEBICHEBI:28938ChemSpider218Gmelin Reference84 KEGGC01342MeSHD000644PubChemCID16741146UNII54S68520I4CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID5043974InChIInChI=1S/H3N/h1H3/p+1Key: QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-OInChI=1/H3N/h1H3/p+1Key: QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-IKLDFBCSAZSMILES[NH4+]Properties Chemical formula[NH4]Molar mass18.039 g·mol Acidity (pKa) 9.25 Conjugate baseAmmoniaStructure Molecular shapeTetrahedralRelated compounds Other cationsPhosphonium[PH4]Hydronium[H3O]Related compoundsAmmonium radical •NH4 Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Ammonium is a modified form of ammonia that has an extra hydrogen atom.
HydroxideNames IUPAC nameHydroxideSystematic IUPAC nameOxidanide (not recommended)Identifiers CAS Number14280-30-93D model (JSmol)Interactive imageChEBICHEBI:16234ChemSpider936PubChemCID961UNII9159UV381PInChIInChI=1S/H2O/h1H2/p-1SMILES[OH-]Properties Chemical formulaOHMolar mass17.007 g·mol Basicity (pKb) 0.0 Conjugate acidWaterConjugate baseOxide anionRelated compounds Related compoundsO2HOHO2H2OExcept where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Hydroxide (occasionally hydroxyl ion) is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH.
Molar concentrationMolar concentration (also called amount-of-substance concentration or molarity) is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Specifically, it is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, in particular, of a solute in a solution, in terms of amount of substance per unit volume of solution.
AmmoniaNames IUPAC nameAmmoniaSystematic IUPAC nameAzaneOther names Hydrogen nitrideR-717R717 (refrigerant)AmidogenHydrogen amineNitrogen hydrideIdentifiers CAS Number7664-41-73D model (JSmol)Interactive imageBeilstein Reference3587154 ChEBICHEBI:16134ChEMBLChEMBL1160819ChemSpider217ECHA InfoCard100.028.760EC Number231-635-3Gmelin Reference79 KEGGD02916MeSHAmmoniaPubChemCID222RTECS numberBO0875000UNII5138Q19F1XUN number1005 CompTox Dashboard(EPA)DTXSID0023872InChIInChI=1S/H3N/h1H3Key: QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-NInChI=1/H3N/h1H3Key: QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYAFSMILESNProperties Chemical formulaNH3Molar mass17.031 g·mol Appearance Colourless gas OdorStrong pungent odour Density0.86 kg/m (1.013 bar at boiling point)0.769 kg/m (STP)0.73 kg/m (1.013 bar at 15 °C)0.6819 g/cm at −33.3 °C (liquid) See also Ammonia (data page)0.817 g/cm at −80 °C (transparent solid)Melting point−77.73 °C (−107.91 °F; 195.42 K) (Triple point at 6.060 kPa, 195.4 K) Boiling point−33.34 °C (−28.01 °F; 239.81 K) Critical point (T, P) 132.4 °C (405.5 K), 111.3 atm (11,280 kPa) Solubility in water530 g/L (20 °C)320 g/L (25 °C)Solubilitysoluble in chloroform, ether, ethanol, methanolVapor pressure857.3 kPa Acidity (pKa) 32.5 (−33 °C), 9.24 (of ammonium) Basicity (pKb) 4.75 Conjugate acidAmmoniumConjugate baseAmideMagnetic susceptibility (χ)−18.0×10 cm/molRefractive index (nD)1.3327 Viscosity10.07 µPa·s (25 °C)0.276 mPa·s (−40 °C)Structure Point groupC3vMolecular shapeTrigonal pyramidDipole moment1.42 DThermochemistry Std molarentropy(S298)193 J/(mol·K) Std enthalpy offormation(ΔfH298)−46 kJ/mol Hazards GHS labelling: PictogramsSignal wordDangerHazard statementsH314, H331, H410Precautionary statementsP260, P273, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340+P311, P305+P351+P338+P310NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 310CORAutoignitiontemperature651 °C (1,204 °F; 924 K) Explosive limits15.0–33.6% Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LD50 (median dose)350 mg/kg (rat, oral) LC50 (median concentration)40,300 ppm (rat, 10 min)28,595 ppm (rat, 20 min)20,300 ppm (rat, 40 min)11,590 ppm (rat, 1 hr)7338 ppm (rat, 1 hr)4837 ppm (mouse, 1 hr)9859 ppm (rabbit, 1 hr)9859 ppm (cat, 1 hr)2000 ppm (rat, 4 hr)4230 ppm (mouse, 1 hr)LCLo (lowest published)5000 ppm (mammal, 5 min)5000 ppm (human, 5 min)NIOSH (US health exposure limits): PEL (Permissible)50 ppm (25 ppm ACGIH-TLV; 35 ppm STEL) REL (Recommended)TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m) ST 35 ppm (27 mg/m) IDLH (Immediate danger)300 ppm Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 0414 (anhydrous) Related compounds Related nitrogen hydridesHydrazineHydrazoic acidRelated compoundsAmmonium hydroxidePhosphineArsineStibineBismuthineSupplementary data page Ammonia (data page)Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Yverify ( ?)
DeprotonationDeprotonation (or dehydronation) is the removal (transfer) of a proton (or hydron, or hydrogen cation), (H) from a Brønsted–Lowry acid in an acid–base reaction. The species formed is the conjugate base of that acid. The complementary process, when a proton is added (transferred) to a Brønsted–Lowry base, is protonation (or hydronation). The species formed is the conjugate acid of that base.
Chemical equilibriumIn a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both the reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time, so that there is no observable change in the properties of the system. This state results when the forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as the reverse reaction. The reaction rates of the forward and backward reactions are generally not zero, but they are equal.
Mole (unit)The mole (symbol mol) is a unit of measurement, the base unit in the International System of Units (SI) for amount of substance. One mole is an aggregate of exactly 6.02214076×10 elementary entities which can be atoms, molecules, ions, ion pairs, or other particles. This number of entities equals 602,214,076,000,000,000,000,000, approximately 602 sextillion or 602 billion multiplied by one trillion.
Acid dissociation constantMeasure of an acid's strength in solutionIn chemistry, an acid dissociation constant (also known as acidity constant, or acid-ionization constant; denoted Ka{\displaystyle K_{a}}) is a quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution. It is the equilibrium constant for a chemical reactionHA↽−−⇀A−+H+{\displaystyle {\ce {HA <=> A^- + H^+}}}known as dissociation in the context of acid–base reactions.
DensityDensity (volumetric mass density or specific mass) is the ratio of a substance's mass to its volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ (the lower case Greek letter rho), although the Latin letter D (or d) can also be used: ρ=mV,{\displaystyle ho ={\frac {m}{V}},} where ρ is the density, m is the mass, and V is the volume.
Salt (chemistry)In chemistry, a salt or ionic compound is a chemical compound consisting of an assembly of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions), which results in a compound with no net electric charge. The constituent ions are held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonds. The component ions in a salt can be either inorganic, such as chloride (Cl), or organic, such as acetate (CH3COO).Baumé scaleThe Baumé scale is a pair of hydrometer scales developed by the French pharmacist Antoine Baumé in 1768 to measure density of various liquids. The unit of the Baumé scale has been notated variously as degrees Baumé, °B, °Bé and simply Baumé (the accent is not always present). One scale measures the density of liquids heavier than water and the other, liquids lighter than water. The Baumé of distilled water is 0.Chemical formulaA chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas and plus (+) and minus (−) signs. These are limited to a single typographic line of symbols, which may include subscripts and superscripts.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.