Mathematics in the medieval Islamic worldMathematics during the Golden Age of Islam, especially during the 9th and 10th centuries, was built upon syntheses of Greek mathematics (Euclid, Archimedes, Apollonius) and Indian mathematics (Aryabhata, Brahmagupta). Important developments of the period include extension of the place-value system to include decimal fractions, the systematised study of algebra and advances in geometry and trigonometry.
AlgebraAlgebra is a branch of mathematics that deals with abstract systems, known as algebraic structures, and the manipulation of expressions within those systems. It is a generalization of arithmetic that introduces variables and algebraic operations other than the standard arithmetic operations, such as addition and multiplication. Elementary algebra is the main form of algebra taught in schools.
Al-JabrThe Concise Book of Calculation by Restoration and Balancing (Arabic: الكتاب المختصر في حساب الجبر والمقابلة, al-Kitāb al-Mukhtaṣar fī Ḥisāb al-Jabr wal-Muqābalah; or Latin: Liber Algebræ et Almucabola), commonly abbreviated Al-Jabr or Algebra (Arabic: الجبر), is an Arabic-language mathematical treatise on algebra written in Baghdad around 820 by Al-Khwarizmi.
Quadratic equationIn mathematics, a quadratic equation (from Latin'square') is an equation that can be rearranged in standard form as ax2+bx+c=0,{\displaystyle ax^{2}+bx+c=0\,,} where the variablex{\displaystyle x} represents an unknown number, and a, b, and c represent known numbers, where a ≠ 0. (If a = 0 and b ≠ 0 then the equation is linear, not quadratic.)
Astronomy in the medieval Islamic worldMedieval Islamic astronomy comprises the astronomical developments made in the Islamic world, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age (9th–13th centuries), and mostly written in the Arabic language. These developments mostly took place in the Middle East, Central Asia, Al-Andalus, and North Africa, and later in the Far East and India.
Linear equationIn mathematics, a linear equation is an equation that may be put in the form a1x1+…+anxn+b=0,{\displaystyle a_{1}x_{1}+\ldots +a_{n}x_{n}+b=0,} where x1,…,xn{\displaystyle x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n}} are the variables (or unknowns), and b,a1,…,an{\displaystyle b,a_{1},\ldots ,a_{n}} are the coefficients, which are often real numbers.
House of WisdomThe House of Wisdom (Arabic: بَيْت الْحِكْمَةBayt al-Ḥikmah), also known as the Grand Library of Baghdad, was a major Abbasid-era public academy and intellectual center in Baghdad.
Geography and cartography in the medieval Islamic worldMedieval Islamic geography and cartography were the studies of geography and cartography in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age (variously dated between the 8th century and 16th century). Muslim scholars made advances to the map-making traditions of earlier cultures, explorers and merchants learned in their travels across the Old World (Afro-Eurasia).
Islamic Golden AgePeriod of cultural flourishing from 786 to 1258Some figures of the Islamic Golden AgeAl-KhwarizmiAl-BiruniIbn al-NafisAvicennaAverroesAlhazenMuhammad al-IdrisiIsmail al-JazariAl-JahizOmar Khayyamal-ZahrawiThe Islamic Golden Age was a period of cultural flourishing in the history of Islam, dated from the 8th century CE to the 14th century.
MathematicianA mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change. HistoryOne of the earliest known mathematicians was Thales of Miletus (c. 624 – c. 546 BC); he has been hailed as the first true mathematician and the first known individual to whom a mathematical discovery has been attributed.
Abbasid CaliphateThird Islamic caliphateThe Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire was the third Islamic caliphate, ruled by the Abbasid dynasty. The dynasty was descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (d. 653), after whom it is named. The Abbasids rose to power in 750, when the Abbasid Revolution overthrew the preceding Umayyad Caliphate. They ruled as caliphs from their base in Iraq until 1258, with Baghdad as their capital for most of their history.BaghdadBaghdad is the capital and largest city in Iraq. It is located on the banks of the Tigris in central Iraq. The city has an estimated population of 8 million. It ranks among the most populous and largest cities in the Middle East and the Arab world and constitutes 22% of Iraq's population. Baghdad is a primary financial and commercial center in the region.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.