FDA warning letterAn FDA warning letter is an official message from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to a manufacturer or other organization that has violated some rule in a federally regulated activity. The FDA defines an FDA warning letter as: ... a correspondence that notifies regulated industry about violations that FDA has documented during its inspections or investigations.
Health claimA health claim on a food label or in food marketing is a statement that states, suggests, or implies a relationship between a food, food component, or dietary supplement and health. For example, manufacturers of oatcereals may claim that oat bran can help reduce cholesterol, which is associated with a lower risk of heart disease. Some label statements may imply health benefits without making a specific disease-risk or function claim.
Dietary supplementProduct providing additional nutrientsAs a pill (iodine)As a capsule (spirulina)As a tablet (B vitamins)As a softgel capsule (cod liver oil)Production of cod liver oil, one of the first dietary supplements manufactured in the 18th centuryA dietary supplement is a manufactured product intended to supplement a person's diet in the form of a pill, capsule, tablet, powder, or liquid.
Stress (biology)Stress, whether physiological, biological or psychological, is an organism's response to a stressor, such as an environmental condition or change in life circumstances. When stressed by stimuli that alter an organism's environment, multiple systems respond across the body. In humans and most mammals, the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are the two major systems that respond to stress.
Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from its formation in 1922 until its dissolution in 1991. It was the world's third-most populous country, the largest by area, and bordered twelve other countries.
PharmacologyPharmacology is the science of drugs and medications, including a substance's origin, composition and interaction with biological systems; specifically through pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic use, and toxicology. The discipline examines these interactions through pharmacokinetics (what the body does to the drug) and pharmacodynamics (what the drug does to the body), both of which determine how a substance alters normal or abnormal biochemical function.
Food and Drug AdministrationThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).
ExtractAn extract (essence) is a substance made by extracting a part of a raw material, often by using a solvent such as ethanol, oil or water. Extracts may be sold as tinctures or absolutes or dried and powdered. Extracts are widely used in various industries, such as perfumes, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and the food industry, among others.
ToxicologyToxicology is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants. The relationship between dose and its effects on the exposed organism is of high significance in toxicology.
PhysiologyPhysiology (; from Ancient Greek (phúsis)'nature, origin' and (-logía)'study of') is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a subdiscipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out chemical and physical functions in a living system.
Herbal medicineHerbal medicine (also called herbalism, phytomedicine or phytotherapy) is the study of pharmacognosy and the use of medicinal plants, which are a basis of traditional medicine. Scientific evidence for the effectiveness of many herbal treatments remains limited, prompting ongoing regulatory evaluation and research into their safety and efficacy. Standards for purity or dosage are generally not provided.
HomeostasisIn biology, homeostasis (in British English also homoeostasis) is the process by which living organisms maintain relatively stable internal physical and chemical conditions despite changes in their internal or external environment. Body temperature, blood glucose, blood pressure, fluid balance, levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, pH, and the concentrations of ions such as sodium, potassium, and calcium are all homeostatically regulated variables.
Health claimA health claim on a food label or in food marketing is a statement that states, suggests, or implies a relationship between a food, food component, or dietary supplement and health. For example, manufacturers of oatcereals may claim that oat bran can help reduce cholesterol, which is associated with a lower risk of heart disease. Some label statements may imply health benefits without making a specific disease-risk or function claim.Dietary supplementProduct providing additional nutrientsAs a pill (iodine)As a capsule (spirulina)As a tablet (B vitamins)As a softgel capsule (cod liver oil)Production of cod liver oil, one of the first dietary supplements manufactured in the 18th centuryA dietary supplement is a manufactured product intended to supplement a person's diet in the form of a pill, capsule, tablet, powder, or liquid.Stress (biology)Stress, whether physiological, biological or psychological, is an organism's response to a stressor, such as an environmental condition or change in life circumstances. When stressed by stimuli that alter an organism's environment, multiple systems respond across the body. In humans and most mammals, the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are the two major systems that respond to stress.Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from its formation in 1922 until its dissolution in 1991. It was the world's third-most populous country, the largest by area, and bordered twelve other countries.PharmacologyPharmacology is the science of drugs and medications, including a substance's origin, composition and interaction with biological systems; specifically through pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic use, and toxicology. The discipline examines these interactions through pharmacokinetics (what the body does to the drug) and pharmacodynamics (what the drug does to the body), both of which determine how a substance alters normal or abnormal biochemical function.Food and Drug AdministrationThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).ExtractAn extract (essence) is a substance made by extracting a part of a raw material, often by using a solvent such as ethanol, oil or water. Extracts may be sold as tinctures or absolutes or dried and powdered. Extracts are widely used in various industries, such as perfumes, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and the food industry, among others.ToxicologyToxicology is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants. The relationship between dose and its effects on the exposed organism is of high significance in toxicology.PhysiologyPhysiology (; from Ancient Greek (phúsis)'nature, origin' and (-logía)'study of') is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a subdiscipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out chemical and physical functions in a living system.Herbal medicineHerbal medicine (also called herbalism, phytomedicine or phytotherapy) is the study of pharmacognosy and the use of medicinal plants, which are a basis of traditional medicine. Scientific evidence for the effectiveness of many herbal treatments remains limited, prompting ongoing regulatory evaluation and research into their safety and efficacy. Standards for purity or dosage are generally not provided.HomeostasisIn biology, homeostasis (in British English also homoeostasis) is the process by which living organisms maintain relatively stable internal physical and chemical conditions despite changes in their internal or external environment. Body temperature, blood glucose, blood pressure, fluid balance, levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, pH, and the concentrations of ions such as sodium, potassium, and calcium are all homeostatically regulated variables.*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.