Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from its formation in 1922 until its dissolution in 1991. It was the world's third-most populous country, the largest by area, and bordered twelve other countries.
Second Sino-Japanese War1937–1945 conflict in East AsiaBelligerentsChinaKuomintangCommunist Party of ChinaSoviet Volunteer GroupAmerican Volunteer GroupUnited StatesChina Burma India theaterJapanManchukuoWang Jingwei regimeMengjiangNorth China Political CouncilCommanders and leadersKMT:Chiang Kai-shekHe YingqinChen ChengBai ChongxiCheng QianXu YongchangCPC:Mao ZedongZhu DeYe TingChen YiS.E.A.C.:Lord MountbattenJoseph StilwellSun Li-jenLiao YaoxiangImperial General HQ:HirohitoKan'in KotohitoHajime SugiyamaHideki TojoYoshijirō UmezuNorth China Area Army:Hisaichi TerauchiHayao TadaCentral China Area Army:Iwane MatsuiOtozō Yamada:Shunroku HataToshizō NishioYasuji OkamuraUnits involvedSee combatantsStrength 16 million+ totalNationalists1.7 million (1937)2.6 million (1939)5.7 million (1945)Communists640,000 (1937)166,700 (1938)488,744 (1940)1.2 million (1945) 4.1 million totalJapan600,000 (1937)1,015,000 (1939)1,124,900 (1945) (excluding Manchuria and Burma campaign)Puppet states900,000–1,006,086 (1945)Casualties and lossesOfficial Nationalist data1,319,958 killed1,761,335 wounded130,116 missing3,211,409 total casualtiesWestern Estimate2,000,000+ killedCommunist data160,603–161,067 killed285,669–290,467 wounded87,208 missing45,989 POWs446,736 to 584,267 total casualtiesTotal3.85 million casualties1 million+ captured266,800–1,000,000 POWs deadJapanese medical data455,700–700,000 military dead900,000 wounded22,293+ captured1.5~ million total casualtiesPuppet state forces288,140–574,560 dead742,000 woundedMiddle estimate: 960,000 dead and woundedTotal2.4–3.0 million casualties 12,000,000+ civilian deaths14,000,000–22,000,000 total deaths 35,000,000 total Chinese casualties (Chinese claim)^From December 1941.^Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek was the Supreme Allied Commander in the China Theater, meaning U.S. forces technically fell under his overall command.
Spanish Civil WarThe Spanish Civil War (Spanish: guerra civil española) was fought in Spain from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalist rebels. Republicans loyal to the left-leaning Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic included socialists, anarchists, communists, and separatists, supported by the Soviet Union.
Joseph StalinLeader of the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1953Joseph Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; 18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who ruled the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death in 1953, holding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1952 and the nation's Premier from 1941 to 1953.
1930sThe 1930s (pronounced "nineteen-thirties"; shortened to the "'30s" and referred to as the "Thirties") was the decade that began on January 1, 1930 and ended on December 31, 1939. In the United States, the Dust Bowl led to the nickname the "Dirty Thirties". The decade was defined by a global economic and political crisis that culminated in the Second World War.Common year starting on FridayA common year starting on Friday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Friday, 1 January, and ends on Friday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is C. The most recent year of such kind was 2021, and the next one will be 2027 in the Gregorian calendar, or, likewise, 2022 and 2033 in the obsolete Julian calendar; see below for more.
Common EraEra names equivalent to AD/BC Today(at UTC+00)Monday, 14 September 2026Common Era14 September 2026 CE Other calendars Akan Fodwo Armenian 26 Hoṙi 1476 Aztec Tititl 7, 1 Cuāuhtli Babylonian 1 Ululu, 2337 SE Balinese pawukon Menga, Pasah, Sri, Wage, Tungleh, Coma of Parangbakat, Sri, Urungan, Dewa Bengali 30 Bhadro, BS 1433 Chinese Yin Metal Rabbit・Exntended Net Mansion4 Bāyuè, Bǐngwǔnián(Bailu, 9 days until Qiufen) Common Era 14 September 2026 CE Coptic 4 Thout, AM 1743 Egyptian 1 Mechir, 2775 NE Ethiopian 4 Maskaram, 2019 Amätä Məhrät French Republican Décade III, Octidi de Fructidor de l'Année 234 de la République Gregorian 14 September, AD 2026 Hebrew 3 Tishrei, AM 5787 Hindu Citrā・BrahmanSolar: 29 Bhādrapada, 1948 SELunisolar: Tr̥tīyā, Śukla pakṣa of Bhādrapada, 2083 VERāudra・5127 KY・1,872,832 Icelandic Mánudagur, 21 Tvímánuður 2026 Islamic 1 Rabi' al-thani, AH 1448 (using tabular method) ISO week date 2026-W38-1 Japanese 4 Hazuki, Reiwa 8(Hakuro, 9 days until Shūbun) Julian 1 September, AD 2026 (AM 7534) Julian day 2461298 Maya 13.0.13.16.158 Chen, 1 Men Roman Kalendis Septembribus, MMDCCLXXIX AUC Solar Hijri 23 Shahrivar, SH 1405 Tibetan 3 khrums, me pho rta2153 or 1772 or 1000 [refresh] Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are conventions used in the Gregorian or Julian calendar to specify whether the year is before or after the epoch.
Anno DominiCalendar era based on the birth of Jesus Today(at UTC+00)Saturday, 3 October 2026Gregorian3 October, AD 2026Julian20 September, AD 2026 (AM 7534)Other calendarsAkanNwonamemeneArmenian15 Sahmi 1476AztecIzcalli 1, 7 OcēlōtlBabylonian20 Ululu, 2337 SEBalinese pawukonMenga, Beteng, Menala, Pon, Aryang, Saniscara of Ugu, Yama, Tulus, ManusaBengali18 Ashshin, BS 1433ChineseYang Metal Dog・Stomach MansionFire Horse Year, Month 8, Day 23(Qiufen, 5 days until Hanlu)Common Era3 October 2026 CECoptic23 Thout, AM 1743Egyptian20 Mechir, 2775 NEEthiopian23 Maskaram, 2019 Amätä MəhrätFrench RepublicanDécade II, Primidi de Vendémiaire de l'Année 235 de la RépubliqueHebrew22 Tishrei, AM 5787HinduĀrdrā・VarīyasSolar: 17 Āśvina, 1948 SELunisolar: Saptamī, Kṛishna pakṣa of Bhādrapada, 2083 VERāudra・5127 KY・1,872,851IcelandicLaugardagur, 10 Haustmánuður 2026Islamic20 Rabi' al-thani, AH 1448(using tabular method)ISO week date2026-W40-6Japanese23 Hazuki, Reiwa 8(Shūbun, 5 days until Kanro)Julian day2461317Korean23 Dakdal, 4359 DEMaya13.0.13.17.147 Yax, 7 IxRomanante diem XII Kalendas Octobres, MMDCCLXXIX AUCSolar Hijri11 Mehr, SH 1405Tibetan22 khrums, me pho rta2153 or 1772 or 1000[refresh] Anno Domini (AD) and before Christ (BC) qualify years in the Gregorian and Julian calendars, whose epoch is the traditional year of the conception or birth of Jesus.
20th centuryThe 20th century began on 1 January 1901, and ended on 31 December 2000. It was the 10th and last century in the 2nd millennium and was marked by new models of scientific understanding, unprecedented scopes of warfare, new modes of communication that would operate at nearly instant speeds, and new forms of art and entertainment. Population growth was also unprecedented, as the century started with around 1.6 billion people, and ended with around 6.2 billion.
2nd millenniumThe second millennium of the Anno Domini or Common Era began on January 1, 1001 (MI) and ended on December 31, 2000 (MM), (11th to 20th centuries; in astronomy: JD2086667.5 – 2451909.5). It encompassed the High and Late Middle Ages of the Old World, the Islamic Golden Age and the period of Renaissance, followed by the early modern period, characterized by the European wars of religion, the Age of Enlightenment, the Age of Discovery and the colonial period.
Roman numeralsNumbers in the Roman numeral systemRoman numerals on stern of the ship Cutty Sark showing draught in feet. The numbers range from 13 to 22, from bottom to top.Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages.
Gregorian calendarInternationally accepted civil calendar*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.