NapoleonEmperor of the French (1804–1814; 1815)BornNapoleone di Buonaparte(1769-08-15)15 August 1769Ajaccio, Corsica, FranceDied5 May 1821(1821-05-05) (aged 51)Longwood, Saint HelenaBurial15 December 1840Les Invalides, Paris, FranceSpousesJoséphine de Beauharnais (m. 1796; ann. 1810)Marie Louise of Austria (m. 1810; sep.
War of 1812BelligerentsUnited StatesCherokeeChickasawChoctawLower CreekTuscaroraUnited KingdomTecumseh's confederacyRed SticksMenomineeSix Nations of the Grand RiverWest Florida (1813–1814)Commanders and leadersJames MadisonJohn RodgersStephen DecaturAndrew JacksonJacob BrownWilliam Henry HarrisonWilliam HullWinfield ScottThe Earl of LiverpoolPhineas RiallAlexander CochraneGeorge PrevostIsaac Brock†Robert Ross†Edward Pakenham†Samuel Gibbs (DOW)Tecumseh†Roundhead#Strength 7,000 troops (at war's start) 35,800 troops (at war's end) 3,049 Rangers458,463 militia 12 frigates 14 other vessels515 privateer ships 5,200 troops (at war's start) 48,160 troops (at war's end)4,000 active sedentary Canadian Militia in Upper Canada & 2,000 in Lower Canada (active/being trained as of 1812-13); c. 45,000 listed in muster rolls, pay lists and other documents over the course of the war 11 ships of the line 34 frigates 52 other vessels9 Provincial Marine ships (at war's start)10,000–15,000 Native American allies500 Spanish garrison troops (Pensacola)Casualties and losses2,200 killed in action5,200 died of diseaseUp to 15,000 deaths from all causes4,505 wounded20,000 captured8 frigates captured or burned1,400 merchant ships captured278 privateers captured4,000 slaves escaped or freed2,700 died in combat10,000 died from all causes15,500 captured6 frigates captured or burnt56 small warships lost~1,344 merchant ships captured (373 recaptured)10,000 Indigenous warriors and civilians dead from all causes14 Spanish killed and 6 woundedThe War of 1812 was a conflict initiated by the United States against the United Kingdom and its allies fought mainly in North America and at sea during the wider Napoleonic Wars.
19th centuryOne hundred years, from 1801 to 1900An 1835 illustration of power loom weaving, as part of the Industrial RevolutionThe 19th century began on 1 January 1801 and ended on 31 December 1900. It was the 9th century of the 2nd millennium. It was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was abolished in much of Europe and the Americas.1810sLeap year starting on MondayA leap year starting on Monday is any year with 366 days (i.e. it includes 29 February) that begins on Monday, 1 January, and ends on Tuesday, 31 December. Its dominical letters hence are GF. The most recent year of such kind was 2024, and the next one will be 2052 in the Gregorian calendar or, likewise, 2008 and 2036 in the obsolete Julian calendar. Any leap year that starts on Monday has two Friday the 13ths: those two in this leap year occur in September and December.Leap year starting on WednesdayA leap year starting on Wednesday is any year with 366 days (i.e. it includes 29 February) that begins on Wednesday 1 January and ends on Thursday 31 December. Its dominical letters hence are ED. The most recent year of such kind was 2020, and the next one will be 2048 in the Gregorian calendar, or likewise, 2004 and 2032 in the obsolete Julian calendar, see below for more.
Julian calendarSolar calendar [refresh] The Tusculum portrait of Julius Caesar The Julian calendar is a solar calendar of 365 days in every year with an additional leap day every fourth year (without exception). The Julian calendar is still used as a religious calendar in parts of the Eastern Orthodox Church and in parts of Oriental Orthodoxy as well as in the Berber calendar.
Common EraEra names equivalent to AD/BC Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are conventions used in the Gregorian or Julian calendar to specify whether the year is before or after the epoch. They correspond exactly to Anno Domini (AD) and Before Christ (BC): "2026 CE" is the same year as "AD 2026", as are "400 BCE" and "400 BC". BCE/CE are used to avoid religious associations by not referring to Jesus as Dominus ('Lord').Anno DominiAnno Domini (AD) and before Christ (BC) qualify years in the Gregorian and Julian calendars, whose epoch is the traditional year of the conception or birth of Jesus. AD counts years since the epoch, BC the years before the epoch. Anno Domini is Medieval Latin for "in the year of the Lord", often read as "our Lord".
2nd millenniumThe second millennium of the Anno Domini or Common Era began on January 1, 1001 (MI) and ended on December 31, 2000 (MM), (11th to 20th centuries; in astronomy: JD2086667.5 – 2451909.5). It encompassed the High and Late Middle Ages of the Old World, the Islamic Golden Age and the period of Renaissance, followed by the early modern period, characterized by the European wars of religion, the Age of Enlightenment, the Age of Discovery and the colonial period.
Roman numeralsNumbers in the Roman numeral systemRoman numerals on stern of the ship Cutty Sark showing draught in feet. The numbers range from 13 to 22, from bottom to top.Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages.
Gregorian calendarInternationally accepted civil calendar*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.