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is a
fiction Fiction is any creative work, chiefly any narrative work, portraying individuals, events, or places that are imaginary, or in ways that are imaginary. Fictional portrayals are thus inconsistent with history, fact, or plausibility. In a traditi ...
al
character Character or Characters may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''Character'' (novel), a 1936 Dutch novel by Ferdinand Bordewijk * ''Characters'' (Theophrastus), a classical Greek set of character sketches attributed to The ...
from the ''
Metal Gear is a series of techno-thriller stealth games created by Hideo Kojima. Developed and published by Konami, the first game, ''Metal Gear'', was released in 1987 for MSX home computers. The player often takes control of a special forces operativ ...
'' series created by
Hideo Kojima is a Japanese video game designer, director, producer and writer. He is regarded as an auteur of video games. He developed a strong passion for action/adventure cinema and literature during his childhood and adolescence. In 1986, he was hired ...
and developed and published by
Konami , is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational video game company, video game and entertainment company headquartered in Chūō, Tokyo, Chūō, Tokyo, it also produces and distributes trading cards, anime, tokusatsu, pachinko machin ...
. He is depicted as a former Green Beret and highly skilled
special operations Special operations (S.O.) are military activities conducted, according to NATO, by "specially designated, organized, selected, trained, and equipped forces using unconventional techniques and modes of employment". Special operations may include ...
soldier engaged in solo stealth and
espionage Espionage, spying, or intelligence gathering is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information (intelligence) from non-disclosed sources or divulging of the same without the permission of the holder of the information for a tangibl ...
missions, who is often tasked with destroying models of the bipedal nuclear weapon-armed mecha known as
Metal Gear is a series of techno-thriller stealth games created by Hideo Kojima. Developed and published by Konami, the first game, ''Metal Gear'', was released in 1987 for MSX home computers. The player often takes control of a special forces operativ ...
. Controlled by the player, he must act alone, supported via radio by commanding officers and specialists. While his first appearances in the original ''Metal Gear'' games were references to Hollywood films, the ''Metal Gear Solid'' series has given a consistent design by artist
Yoji Shinkawa is a Japanese artist. He is best known as the lead character and mecha designer for the ''Metal Gear'' franchise. He has collaborated with Hideo Kojima on each of his games. Biography Shinkawa was born in Hiroshima on 25 December 1971. He bega ...
alongside an established personality while also exploring his relationship with his father and mentor Big Boss. During the ''Metal Gear Solid'' games, the character has been voiced by voice actor Akio Ōtsuka in the Japanese version and by Canadian actor David Hayter in the English version. He also appeared in '' Super Smash Bros. Brawl'' and '' Super Smash Bros. Ultimate''. Considered to be one of the most iconic protagonists in video game history, Snake has been acclaimed by critics, with his personality and both Ōtsuka's and Hayter's voice acting being noted as primary factors of the character's appeal.


Characteristics

In the early games, Solid Snake's visual appearances were references to popular actors. He was given his own consistent design in '' Metal Gear Solid''. He also establishes Philanthropy, an anti-Metal Gear organization carrying the motto "To let the world be", with his friend
Otacon , nicknamed , is a fictional character from Kojima's ''Metal Gear'' series. Created by Hideo Kojima and designed by Yoji Shinkawa, Otacon was introduced in the series in ''Metal Gear Solid''. In ''Metal Gear Solid'', Otacon, an ArmsTech employee ...
. In '' Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots'', he has access to different disguises to make him look like other characters, as well as his younger self. Snake possesses an IQ of 180 and is fluent in six languages. Solid Snake has been on the battlefield for most of his life, and says that it is the only place he feels truly alive.Snake: It's only when I'm cheating death on the battlefield. The only time I feel truly alive. Meryl: Seeing other people die makes you feel alive, huh? You love war, and don't want it to stop... Is it the same with all great soldiers throughout history? ''(Metal Gear Solid)'' He is a hardened veteran, burying his emotions within himself during missions, every one of which has different motives. He is also immediately shown as a loner, often with no intentions of taking orders from anyone anymore and he shows no sign of longing for the army or the country he was part of. However, along with these traits he has a more human side, being flirtatious, self-sacrificing and with a strong belief that even on a battlefield friendship and love can flourish, and that violence is not glorious. Snake's perceived stance on violence may be a case of denial, as Snake's enemies and at least one of his allies have claimed that he enjoys killing, and label him as more evil than the people he has killed. When he is not on duty, he acts as a
musher Mushing is a sport or transport method powered by dogs. It includes carting, pulka, dog scootering, sled dog racing, skijoring, freighting, and weight pulling. More specifically, it implies the use of one or more dogs to pull a sled, most commonly ...
.


Appearances


Video games


''Metal Gear'' & '' Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake''

''
Metal Gear is a series of techno-thriller stealth games created by Hideo Kojima. Developed and published by Konami, the first game, ''Metal Gear'', was released in 1987 for MSX home computers. The player often takes control of a special forces operativ ...
'' (released in 1987) introduces Snake, a rookie recruit of the elite special forces unit FOXHOUND. Snake is sent by FOXHOUND leader Big Boss into the rogue nation Outer Heaven to rescue missing teammate Gray Fox and discover who or what the "
Metal Gear is a series of techno-thriller stealth games created by Hideo Kojima. Developed and published by Konami, the first game, ''Metal Gear'', was released in 1987 for MSX home computers. The player often takes control of a special forces operativ ...
" is, mentioned in Fox's last transmission. As his mission progresses, Snake finds out that he has been set up; Big Boss's phantom intended to use the experimental, nuclear-armed TX-55 Metal Gear to establish Outer Heaven as a nuclear power. After destroying the Metal Gear, Snake confronts and defeats Big Boss's phantom. The sequel '' Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake'' (initially released only in Japan in 1990) sees Solid Snake called up to infiltrate a heavily fortified enemy base in Zanzibar Land. Zanzibar Land has aggravated an international oil crisis and declared themselves a nuclear power by kidnapping Dr. Kio Marv after the creation of a bio-engineered algae that produces an oil substitute, and the Metal Gear original designer Dr. Pettrovich Madnar. Snake infiltrates the base and discovers that Pettrovich as well as Fox has defected to Zanzibar Land, and that Zanzibar Land is led by Big Boss. Snake destroys Metal Gear D, and defeats both Fox and Big Boss.


'' Metal Gear Solid /

The Twin Snakes ''Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes'' is a 2004 stealth game co-developed by Konami Computer Entertainment Japan and Silicon Knights and published by Konami for the GameCube. Released in March, the game is a remake of ''Metal Gear Solid'', origi ...
''

'' Metal Gear Solid'' and its
remake A remake is a film, television series, video game, song or similar form of entertainment that is based upon and retells the story of an earlier production in the same medium—e.g., a "new version of an existing film". A remake tells the same ...
sees Solid Snake pulled out of retirement by Colonel Roy Campbell in a mission to deal with the "Sons of Big Boss" who, under Liquid Snake's leadership, seized an isolated American nuclear weapons disposal facility on Shadow Moses Island. Snake's mission is to retrieve two hostages ( Donald Anderson and Kenneth Baker). Despite both Anderson's and Baker's deaths, Snake infiltrates and learns about Metal Gear REX after meeting up with rookie soldier Meryl Silverburgh and REX's engineer
Hal Emmerich , nicknamed , is a fictional character from Kojima's ''Metal Gear'' series. Created by Hideo Kojima and designed by Yoji Shinkawa, Otacon was introduced in the series in ''Metal Gear Solid''. In ''Metal Gear Solid'', Otacon, an ArmsTech employe ...
, and having confrontations with the Cyborg Ninja. As the game progresses, Snake confronts and defeats each member of the corrupt faction of FOXHOUND (consisting of Revolver Ocelot, Decoy Octopus, Psycho Mantis,
Sniper Wolf Kurdish:Gurê Sniper گورگی نيشان شكين ) is a fictional character from Konami's ''Metal Gear'' series. Created by Hideo Kojima and designed by Yoji Shinkawa, she appears in the 1998 stealth game ''Metal Gear Solid'' (as well as i ...
, Vulcan Raven, and the Genome Soldiers), is able to destroy REX, and personally confronts Liquid. During their fight, it is revealed that Solid and Liquid are twin brothers, artificially conceived from Big Boss's genes during the "Les Enfants Terribles" government project designed to create the perfect soldier, in which one brother was genetically modified to be superior over the other. Liquid harbors a strong resentment towards Snake since Solid was given their father's dominant "soldier genes" and Liquid was cast aside. After a grueling series of battles, Liquid dies from the FOXDIE virus that was previously implanted into Snake by Naomi Hunter in order to wipe out FOXHOUND and the Genome soldiers without risking any damage to REX and the Genome soldiers for retrieval. In the end, it is revealed that Liquid got Big Boss's superior "soldier genes" while Solid was actually the inferior one. The game's ending reveals his real name is .


'' Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty''

'' Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty'' shows Solid Snake as the playable character during the game's extensive prologue sequence in which he is sent by Otacon's anti- proliferation organization
Philanthropy Philanthropy is a form of altruism that consists of "private initiatives, for the Public good (economics), public good, focusing on quality of life". Philanthropy contrasts with business initiatives, which are private initiatives for private goo ...
to infiltrate a cargo tanker and photograph Metal Gear RAY. During the operation, however, RAY is hijacked and the tanker destroyed, with Snake apparently dead and framed for the deed. During the game's main portion, Solidus Snake steals Snake's identity, and leads the "Sons of Liberty" (consisting of Revolver Ocelot,
Fortune Fortune may refer to: General * Fortuna or Fortune, the Roman goddess of luck * Luck * Wealth * Fortune, a prediction made in fortune-telling * Fortune, in a fortune cookie Arts and entertainment Film and television * ''The Fortune'' (1931 film) ...
,
Fatman Fat Man is the codename for the atomic bomb that was detonated over the Japanese city of Nagasaki by the United States on August 9, 1945. Fat Man or Fatman may also refer to: People * Fats Domino, or "the Fat Man", rock and roll singer * George ...
,
Vamp The VaMP driverless car was one of the first truly autonomous cars Dynamic Vision for Perc ...
and
Olga Gurlukovich The ''Metal Gear'' franchise features a large number of characters created by Hideo Kojima and designed by Yoji Shinkawa. Its setting features several soldiers with supernatural powers provided by the new advancements of science. The series ini ...
) while Snake himself uses the pseudonym as a non-playable character who assists rookie agent Raiden through the remote offshore Big Shell facility and in taking down Solidus and RAY while also learning about the Patriots.


'' Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots''

The
PlayStation 3 The PlayStation 3 (PS3) is a home video game console developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Computer Entertainment. The successor to the PlayStation 2, it is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles. It was first released on Novemb ...
game '' Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots'' features an aged incarnation of the character that is once again the protagonist identified as during the game. Thanks to Otacon and Sunny, he wears a sneaking suit outfitted with "Octocamo" technology, which allows him to blend with his environment, as well as a face mask which alters his appearance. Snake is once again enlisted by his old friend Roy Campbell to assassinate Liquid Ocelot, CEO of a giant mother company that are trying to take control of the Patriots' AIs. During his final mission, he also learns from Naomi Hunter that his life has been artificially shortened as part of the cloning process so that his genes can't be used as a weapon in later research. As a result, Snake has the physical appearance of an elderly man, despite being only forty-two years old. Snake and his allies are forced to destroy the Patriots' AI and fight through Ocelot's forces until Snake defeats Liquid's doppelgänger in hand-to-hand combat. Learning that his DNA contains a mutated FOXDIE virus that might trigger an epidemic, Snake tries to commit suicide, however, he is approached by Big Boss telling Snake that he still has a chance to live "not as a snake but as a man", making up with his father. After Big Boss's death from a new FOXDIE strain, David decides to live out the remainder of his life in peace, vowing that he will live long enough to see what the future holds for the new world he has helped create.


Other appearances

The ''Metal Gear Solid'' prequels alludes to Solid Snake's existence; '' Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops'' has him briefly alluded in a prophetic vision as Naked Snake's "son hatwill save the world" (after either Liquid or Solidus as Big Boss's "son hatwill bring the world to ruin"), and '' Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker'' shows Kazuhira Miller mentioning the "twin sons" that are two years old at the time. Solid Snake is featured/mentioned in '' Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes'' and '' Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain''. The unlockable bonus mission "Déjà Vu" on the PlayStation platform and later Xbox platform of ''Ground Zeroes'' in which Naked Snake must re-enact situations from the original ''Metal Gear Solid'' game and answer a series of trivia questions after fulfilling the mission. If all the questions are answered correctly on the Normal difficulty setting, the mission can be replayed with his low-polygon model from ''Metal Gear Solid'' in place of his father's standard character model. ''The Phantom Pain'' also shows that his low-polygon model from ''Metal Gear Solid'' can be an alternate outfit for Venom Snake after transferring the save data from ''Ground Zeroes''. David is also alluded to in association with Eli during a conversation between Big Boss and Revolver Ocelot.


Other ''Metal Gear'' media

Solid Snake also serves as the protagonist in ''
Snake's Revenge ''Snake's Revenge'' (also known as ''Snake's Revenge: Metal Gear 2'') is a stealth action-adventure video game produced by Konami for the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1990. It is a stand-alone sequel to ''Metal Gear'' that was released in N ...
'', a sequel to the original ''Metal Gear'' for the NES released for the western market in 1990 and developed without Kojima's involvement. Set three years after the events of the Outer Heaven incident, ''Snake's Revenge'' has Snake leading a team of FOX HOUND operatives as they infiltrate an undisclosed enemy base where the Metal Gear weapon is being mass-produced. Snake is addressed by the
military rank Military ranks are a system of hierarchical relationships, within armed forces, police, intelligence agencies or other institutions organized along military lines. The military rank system defines dominance, authority, and responsibility in a ...
of
Lieutenant A lieutenant ( , ; abbreviated Lt., Lt, LT, Lieut and similar) is a commissioned officer rank in the armed forces of many nations. The meaning of lieutenant differs in different militaries (see comparative military ranks), but it is often sub ...
and starts the game already equipped with a handgun and a combat knife, in contrast to the first game, where Snake had to procure all of his weapons on-site. After the success of the original ''Metal Gear Solid'', KCEJ produced a trilogy of ''Metal Gear'' spin-offs for portable platforms set in a parallel universe outside the main Kojima-directed series. All three of these portable games were directed by
Shinta Nojiri Shinta Nojiri (野尻 真太 ''Nojiri Shinta'', born April 8, 1971) is a Japanese video game designer at Konami. Born in Tokyo, he worked for Konami since 1995, and has directed various games in ''Metal Gear is a series of techno-thriller s ...
. The first of these is '' Metal Gear: Ghost Babel'' (released outside Japan as ''Metal Gear Solid''), in which Solid Snake must infiltrate a rebuilt Outer Heaven (now called Galuade) to defeat a FOXHOUND-like team of rogue agents called Black Chamber and destroy a stolen Metal Gear prototype, Gander. Although the actual in-game artwork of ''Ghost Babel'' was done by Ikuya Nakamura, Yoji Shinkawa provided the promotional art like he did with the original ''Metal Gear Solid''. In the second of these titles, ''
Metal Gear Acid ''Metal Gear Acid'', stylized as ''METAL GEAR AC!D'', is a turn-based collectible card tactical RPG video game developed by Konami Computer Entertainment Japan for the PlayStation Portable. The game was first unveiled at E3 in May 2004, and wa ...
'', Snake must retrieve "Pythagoras" from the Lobito Physics and Research Laboratory, in order to satisfy hijackers who have kidnapped presidential candidate Viggo Hach. This mission is complicated by La Clown, an expert mimic who impersonates Snake's contact Teliko, and subtle brainwashing that nearly convinces him that he is Hans Davis, a ruthless scientist that worked at the Lobito facility. He overcomes both and contacts the real Teliko, then destroys the latest model of Metal Gear, Metal Gear KODOQUE. ''
Metal Gear Acid 2 ''Metal Gear Acid 2'', is a turn-based collectible card stealth game developed by Kojima Productions and published by Konami for the PlayStation Portable in 2005. A Java ME version for mobile phones was released by Glu Mobile in 2008 titled ''Me ...
'' features a main character who is not the real version, but a clone created from tissue samples of the man from the original ''Metal Gear Acid'', following the events of the Lobito Island mission; the Solid Snake from the original ''Acid'' is implied to be dead in the sequel. The character appears in his Old Snake form as a playable character in '' Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops Plus'', a stand-alone expansion to the ''Portable Ops'' focusing on online play. In '' Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance'', the VR Missions DLC add-on for the game's Japanese version includes a new weapon that can be used by Raiden known as the ''Hebidamashi'', a talking wooden sword which speaks with Solid Snake's voice (as portrayed by Akio Ōtsuka); the weapon was never made available for the English version. Outside video games, Solid Snake appeared in the ''Metal Gear Solid'' audio drama that focuses on his missions following the battle from Shadow Moses. He also appears in Alex Garner's comic book adaptations of ''Metal Gear Solid'' and ''Metal Gear Solid 2''.
Raymond Benson Raymond Benson (born September 6, 1955) is an American author best known for being the author of the James Bond novels from 1997 to 2003. Benson was born in Midland, Texas and graduated from Permian High School in Odessa in 1973. In primary scho ...
's
novelization A novelization (or novelisation) is a derivative novel that adapts the story of a work created for another medium, such as a film, TV series, stage play, comic book or video game. Film novelizations were particularly popular before the advent of ...
s of these two games also feature Solid Snake; Benson's adaptation of the character frequently focuses on the comical aspects of his characterization. He also appears in
Project Itoh , real name , was a Japanese science fiction writer and essayist. History Itō was born in Tokyo and graduated from the Department of Imaging Arts and Sciences at Musashino Art University. While working as a web designer, he wrote ''Genocidal Or ...
's novelization from ''Metal Gear Solid 4'' where his actions are told from Hal Emmerich's point of view.


Other video games and media

Solid Snake has appeared in a number of other games, including other Konami games. Hideo Kojima makes a habit of referencing his previous work. In the Kojima-produced '' Boktai 2: Solar Boy Django'' (and '' Shin Bokura no Taiyō: Gyakushū no Sabata''), Snake appears as an unnamed character who sells items to the player. Konami's ''
Evolution Skateboarding ''Evolution Skateboarding'' is a sports video game released by Konami for the GameCube and PlayStation 2 in 2002. It includes several popular skateboarders such as Rick McCrank, Arto Saari, Kerry Getz, and Danny Way. There is also a create-a-skat ...
'' features Snake and Raiden as hidden characters, as well as two stages set in the Big Shell (the skateboarding minigame in '' Metal Gear Solid 2: Substance'' is a demo of ''Evolution Skateboarding'' composed exclusively of these elements). Solid Snake also appears in both halves of a crossover between the ''Metal Gear'' and '' Ape Escape'' franchises: the ''Ape Escape'' monkeys appear with Solid Snake in the "Snake vs. Monkey" minigame featured in ''Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater''. In turn, Snake appears in the corresponding ''Metal Gear Solid'' minigame featured in '' Ape Escape 3'', where he is rescued by Pipo Snake (Snake's character design in this minigame is taken directly from Naked Snake's). He has also appeared in several cross-company fighting games. In ''
DreamMix TV World Fighters is a crossover fighting video game developed by Bitstep and published by Hudson for the GameCube and PlayStation 2 in Japan on December 18, 2003. The game features characters from Hudson and Konami's video game series and Takara's toy lines. G ...
'', Solid Snake appears as a playable character alongside other
Konami , is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational video game company, video game and entertainment company headquartered in Chūō, Tokyo, Chūō, Tokyo, it also produces and distributes trading cards, anime, tokusatsu, pachinko machin ...
,
Hudson Soft was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles, home computers and mobile phones, mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s. It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown, Akasaka, Minato, Tokyo ...
and Takara characters such as Bomberman and Optimus Prime. Similarly, in '' Super Smash Bros. Brawl'', the third installment from the popular fighting game series ''
Super Smash Bros. ''Super Smash Bros.'' is a Crossover (fiction), crossover fighting game series published by Nintendo. The series was created by Masahiro Sakurai, who has directed every game in the series. The series is known for its unique gameplay objectiv ...
'', Solid Snake appeared as a playable fighter alongside
Sega is a Japanese multinational corporation, multinational video game and entertainment company headquartered in Shinagawa, Tokyo. Its international branches, Sega of America and Sega Europe, are headquartered in Irvine, California and London, r ...
character
Sonic the Hedgehog is a Japanese video game series and media franchise created by Sega. The franchise follows Sonic, an anthropomorphic blue hedgehog who battles the evil Doctor Eggman, a mad scientist. The main ''Sonic the Hedgehog'' games are platformers mo ...
and a variety of characters from
Nintendo is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational video game company headquartered in Kyoto, Japan. It develops video games and video game consoles. Nintendo was founded in 1889 as by craftsman Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produce ...
franchises such as ''
Mario is a character created by Japanese video game designer Shigeru Miyamoto. He is the title character of the ''Mario'' franchise and the mascot of Japanese video game company Nintendo. Mario has appeared in over 200 video games since his creat ...
'', ''
The Legend of Zelda ''The Legend of Zelda'' is an action-adventure game franchise created by the Japanese game designers Shigeru Miyamoto and Takashi Tezuka. It is primarily developed and published by Nintendo, although some portable installments and re-rele ...
'', and '' Donkey Kong''. ''Brawl'' Director
Masahiro Sakurai is a Japanese video game director and game designer best known as the creator of the ''Kirby'' and '' Super Smash Bros.'' series. Apart from his work on those series, he also led the design of ''Meteos'' in 2005 and directed '' Kid Icarus: Upr ...
has stated that Snake was included under Kojima's request, and that he had talked to Sakurai about adding Snake to the roster of the previous game ''
Super Smash Bros. Melee ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'' is a 2001 Fictional crossover, crossover fighting game, fighting video game developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo for the GameCube. It is the second installment in the ''Super Smash Bros.'' series. I ...
'', which did not materialize due to the game being too far into production. Snake returned as a playable fighter in '' Super Smash Bros. Ultimate'', after being absent in '' Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U''. In addition, Snake has appeared as a playable character in other Konami crossover titles, such as '' New International Track & Field'' and '' Super Bomberman R''. Old Snake has appeared in the Japanese version of ''
Scribblenauts ''Scribblenauts'' is a series of action puzzle video games primarily developed by 5th Cell. The series is owned and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. The first game in the series was titled '' Scribblenauts'' and was first rel ...
'', having been published by Konami in that region. Customizations in Media Molecule's ''
LittleBigPlanet ''LittleBigPlanet'' (stylized as ''LittleBIGPlanet''; abbreviated ''LBP'') is a puzzle platform video game series created and produced by British developer Media Molecule and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment. Most games in the series ...
'' for the
PlayStation 3 The PlayStation 3 (PS3) is a home video game console developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Computer Entertainment. The successor to the PlayStation 2, it is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles. It was first released on Novemb ...
allow the player character, Sackboy, to take on the appearance of Old Snake. One of the robots in ''
Astro's Playroom ''Astro's Playroom'' is a Platform game, platform video game developed by Japan Studio's Team Asobi division and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment for the PlayStation 5. A sequel to ''Astro Bot Rescue Mission,'' the game comes pre-instal ...
'' and one of the Villagers in '' An Egg's Guide to Minecraft'' each take on the appearance of Solid Snake using his signature cardboard box, the latter voiced by Dan Lloyd. In December 2020, Paul W. Anderson stated that his 2020 film '' Monster Hunter'' had been based on a 2010 '' Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker'' crossover event with ''
Monster Hunter Freedom Unite ''Monster Hunter Freedom Unite'' is an action role-playing video game developed and published by Capcom for the PlayStation Portable and iOS. It is an expansion of the original ''Monster Hunter Freedom 2'' and was released on March 27, 2008 in J ...
'', in which a military squad briefly faced monsters from the ''Monster Hunter'' series, with Snake's equivalent in the narrative,
US Army Ranger United States Army Rangers, according to the US Army's definition, are personnel, past or present, in any unit that has the official designation "Ranger". The term is commonly used to include graduates of the US Army Ranger School, even if t ...
Artemis, being portrayed by
Milla Jovovich Milica Bogdanovna Jovovich; sr-Latn, Milica Bogdanovna Jovović; russian: Милица Богдановна Йовович; uk, Милиця Богданoвна Йовович ( ; born December 17, 1975), known professionally as Milla Jovo ...
.
Oscar Isaac Óscar Isaac Hernández Estrada (born March 9, 1979) is a Guatemalan-born American actor. Known for his versatility, he has been credited with breaking stereotypes about Latino characters in Hollywood. He was named the best actor of his gener ...
will be portraying Solid Snake in the upcoming
film adaptation A film adaptation is the transfer of a work or story, in whole or in part, to a feature film. Although often considered a type of derivative work, film adaptation has been conceptualized recently by academic scholars such as Robert Stam as a dial ...
of ''Metal Gear Solid''.


Creation and development

Solid Snake was apparently named after the fictional special forces operative
Snake Plissken S.D. "Snake" Plissken (given as S.D. "Bob" Plissken, in the opening of ''Escape from L.A.'') is the protagonist of the films ''Escape from New York'' and ''Escape from L.A.'' He is portrayed by Kurt Russell, and created by director John Carpente ...
,
Kurt Russell Kurt Vogel Russell (born March 17, 1951) is an American actor. He began acting on television at the age of 12 in the Westerns on television, western series ''The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters (TV series), The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters'' (19 ...
's character in '' Escape from New York''. However, Kojima revealed in March 2014 that the character's name origins were something else. According to Kojima, he was given the "Snake" name because snakes are a symbol of stealth. Additionally, the "Solid" part of his code-name was given to give the opposite impression of a soft image. Kojima has compared Snake's personality with Lupin III of Monkey Punch's '' Lupin III'' franchise, stating that in "''MGS'', Snake became this sharp-tongued, Lupin III-like guy who flirted with women and told lots of jokes". His real name David is a tribute to the film '' 2001: A Space Odyssey'' that has a character with the same name (and coincidentally shared with his English voice actor David Hayter). Kojima later described Snake's role in the original ''Metal Gear'' as the "player's presence", contrasting the defined personality acquired in ''Metal Gear Solid''. In addition to expanding Solid Snake's backstory, as the first ''Metal Gear'' game to feature voice acting, ''Metal Gear Solid'' established his characteristic voice and appearance. Various scenes from the games relate Solid Snake's ideals with Hideo Kojima's. During ''Metal Gear Solid 2'', Snake encourages Raiden to trust himself in making his own choices with the former representing the veteran developer and the latter the younger staff who are to decide whether a sequel to the series would be made without Kojima. In ''Metal Gear Solid 4'', Snake tries to protect the next generation by stopping Ocelot which represented Kojima working with the staff to avoid bugs from occurring within the game. Kojima introduced the cloning origins of Snake to ''Metal Gear Solid'' in order to provide Snake with an adversary who would be his equal, since the story, being a continuation of the original MSX2 games, established Snake as an experienced soldier. Kojima explained that his decision to introduce a new playable character in Snake's place for ''Metal Gear Solid 2'' was done in order to develop Snake from another character's perspective, but also to avoid treating Snake as a rookie by having a new character be instructed via Codec instead. Snake was written to act as father figure not only to protect those he cares but also leave a message for the future generation despite his imminent death. As a pacifist message, Snake's stress increases when killing enemies. Snake and Otacon were meant to die in the game, with Kojima being inspired by the movie '' Sacco & Vanzetti'' in regards to how the duo use death as a penalty for how they are criminals rather than heroes. While the novel retained this idea, the ending in the game was changed with Snake and Otacon surviving. According to Ryan Payton of Konami at the time, ''Metal Gear Solid 4'' is the final canonical ''Metal Gear'' game to feature Solid Snake as the main character. Kojima himself stated that the series will continue. Despite previously stating that he does not want the character to be handled by anyone else, in an interview with French gaming magazine IG


Design

Much as ''Metal Gear'' began as a
pastiche A pastiche is a work of visual art, literature, theatre, music, or architecture that imitates the style or character of the work of one or more other artists. Unlike parody, pastiche pays homage to the work it imitates, rather than mocking it ...
of
action movies Action film is a film genre in which the protagonist is thrust into a series of events that typically involve violence and physical feats. The genre tends to feature a mostly resourceful hero struggling against incredible odds, which include life ...
of the time with Solid Snake as a pastiche of contemporary action movie heroes. On the cover artwork of the original ''Metal Gear'' game, he resembles
Kyle Reese Kyle Reese is a fictional Character (arts), character in the Terminator (franchise), ''Terminator'' franchise, who serves as the protagonist of the first film with a supporting role in other works. The character is portrayed by Michael Biehn in ...
, as played by
Michael Biehn Michael Connell Biehn ( ; born July 31, 1956) is an American actor, primarily known for his roles in science fiction films directed by James Cameron; as Sgt. Kyle Reese in ''The Terminator'' (1984), Cpl. Dwayne Hicks in ''Aliens'' (1986), and ...
in ''
The Terminator ''The Terminator'' is a 1984 American science fiction action film directed by James Cameron. It stars Arnold Schwarzenegger as the Terminator, a cyborg assassin sent back in time from 2029 to 1984 to kill Sarah Connor (Linda Hamilton), whos ...
'' (although Kojima claims to have no involvement in the production of the game's packaging illustration), and the in-game portrait of '' Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake'' resembles
Mel Gibson Mel Columcille Gerard Gibson (born January 3, 1956) is an American actor, film director, and producer. He is best known for his action hero roles, particularly his breakout role as Max Rockatansky in the first three films of the post-apocaly ...
.
Yoji Shinkawa is a Japanese artist. He is best known as the lead character and mecha designer for the ''Metal Gear'' franchise. He has collaborated with Hideo Kojima on each of his games. Biography Shinkawa was born in Hiroshima on 25 December 1971. He bega ...
's Solid Snake design, characterized by his navy blue bandanna and "sneaking suit", would serve as the template for all future incarnations in later ''Metal Gear'' games. According to Shinkawa, Snake's physique in ''Metal Gear Solid'' was based on that of action star Jean-Claude Van Damme, while his facial appearance inspired by actor
Christopher Walken Christopher Walken (born Ronald Walken; March 31, 1943) is an American actor. Prolific in film, television and on stage, Walken is the recipient of numerous accolades including an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Awar ...
. Shinkawa described his rendition of Solid Snake from ''Metal Gear Solid'' as a "middle ground" between the younger Snake who was in the cover artwork of the first ''Metal Gear'' and the middle-aged Snake from the MSX2 version of ''Metal Gear 2''. For the initial events from the Big Shell chapter from ''Metal Gear Solid 2'', Snake's visual appearance was sightly modified with his hair being more blonde, and his appearance somewhat resembling the Man with No Name (as portrayed by
Clint Eastwood Clinton Eastwood Jr. (born May 31, 1930) is an American actor and film director. After achieving success in the Western TV series '' Rawhide'', he rose to international fame with his role as the "Man with No Name" in Sergio Leone's "''Doll ...
). Snake was one of the characters easiest to draw by Shinkawa as he notes that his appearance is consistent despite suffering minor changes across the games. By the time ''Metal Gear Solid 4'' started development, Kojima told Shinkawa about his idea of making Snake look elderly, which surprised the designer. Once Shinkawa showed his artwork of Old Snake to the staff, they were all also surprised by the idea of playing as an old version of the character. However, they were satisfied with the end product as the staff began to like the character. In ''Metal Gear Solid 4'', one of Kojima's endings would have had Snake and Otacon turn themselves in for breaking the law, and subsequently they would be convicted and executed. However, comments from Kojima's staff who were disappointed with his death resulted in the character's survival. In ''Metal Gear Solid 4'', Old Snake is modelled after Lee Van Cleef who appeared in ''Escape from New York''.


Voice actors

In the games, Solid Snake has been voiced by Akio Ōtsuka in the Japanese version, and by David Hayter in the English adaptations. When working in ''
Captain Planet ''Captain Planet and the Planeteers'' is an American animated environmentalist superhero television series created by Barbara Pyle and Ted Turner and developed by Pyle, Nicholas Boxer, Thom Beers, Andy Heyward, Robby London, Bob Forward and Cas ...
'', Hayter met the casting director of this show was Kris Zimmerman, who would later also be the voice over director for ''Metal Gear'' games. When debuting in ''Metal Gear Solid'', Hayter was impressed by the game's cutscenes and the amount of dialogue. One of Snake's lines that Hayter liked was "I just didn't expect a world-class designer of military technology to be so… cute." when Snake interacts with Mei Ling, believing it showed a more fun side of him. Solid Snake's English voice was inspired by Hayter's experience with Japan's storytelling, resulting in minor changes for the script. Hayter himself felt shocked when ''Sons of Liberty'' was released as the narrative focused more on newcomer Raiden rather than him. Although there were no news about Snake's future role in ''Metal Gear'', the actor believes ''Guns of the Patriots'' gave the character a proper closure. One of Snake's final scenes in this game bothered Hayter as during the ending the character hesitates to kill himself despite having killed multiple enemies in fights. Nevertheless, Hayter stated that he "loves" the character he was given to portray. Other than the aforementioned voice actors, Solid Snake has also been dubbed in four different languages for the European localization of ''Metal Gear Solid''; in French by Emmanuel Bonami, in German by Stephan Grothgar, in Italian by Alessandro Ricci, and in Spanish by Alfonso Vallés.


Reception


Popularity

Solid Snake's character was very well received by gaming media. '' Retro Gamer'' included him in the section "top ten forces of good" in their 2004 list of top 50 retro game heroes. In 2005, ''
Electronic Gaming Monthly ''Electronic Gaming Monthly'' (often abbreviated to ''EGM'') is a monthly American video game magazine. It offers video game news, coverage of industry events, interviews with gaming figures, editorial content and product reviews. History The m ...
'' listed Solid Snake as number one as the top ten video game characters of all time. Solid Snake appeared in multiple
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"Character Battle" contests, and was runner-up in three: the "Character Battle V" in 2006, the "Character Battle VII" in 2008, and the "Character Battle IX" in 2013. In an
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poll from 2008, his character was voted as the most popular video game character in Japan, tying with Nintendo's
Pikachu is a fictional species in the ''Pokémon'' media franchise. Designed by Atsuko Nishida and Ken Sugimori, Pikachu first appeared in the 1996 Japanese video games ''Pokémon Red'' and ''Green'' created by Game Freak and Nintendo, which were ...
. In a ''
Famitsu formerly ''Famicom Tsūshin'', is a line of Japanese video game magazines published by Kadokawa Game Linkage (previously known as Gzbrain), a subsidiary of Kadokawa. ''Famitsu'' is published in both weekly and monthly formats as well as in the fo ...
'' poll in 2010, Solid Snake was voted by readers as the most popular video game character. His character was amongst the last 16 contestants on the greatest video game hero on
GameSpot ''GameSpot'' is an American video gaming website that provides news, reviews, previews, downloads, and other information on video games. The site was launched on May 1, 1996, created by Pete Deemer, Vince Broady and Jon Epstein. In addition ...
contest held in 2009, and lost out to Gordon Freeman on a tiebreaker. In the ''
Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition ''Guinness World Records'', known from its inception in 1955 until 1999 as ''The Guinness Book of Records'' and in previous United States editions as ''The Guinness Book of World Records'', is a reference book published annually, listing world ...
'' from 2011, Solid Snake was voted as the fourth most popular video game character. In 2011, ''
Empire An empire is a "political unit" made up of several territories and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant center and subordinate peripheries". The center of the empire (sometimes referred to as the metropole) ex ...
'' ranked Solid Snake as the 19th greatest video game character, adding that "beginning as an action pastiche, he swiftly evolved into his very own character". In 2007,
ScrewAttack Rooster Teeth Productions, LLC is an American digital media company headquartered in Austin, Texas. Founded in 2003 by Burnie Burns, Matt Hullum, Geoff Ramsey, Jason Saldaña, Gus Sorola, and Joel Heyman, Rooster Teeth is a subsidiary of Warner ...
ranked him as the sixth "coolest" character in video games.
1UP.com ''1Up.com'' was an American entertainment website that focused on video games. Launched in 2003, ''1Up.com'' provided its own original features, news stories, game reviews, and video interviews, and also featured comprehensive PC-focused conten ...
listed him second in the list of top video game smokers, while
GamesRadar ''GamesRadar+'' (formerly ''GamesRadar'') is an entertainment website for video game-related news, previews, and reviews. It is owned by Future plc. In late 2014, Future Publishing-owned sites ''Total Film'', '' SFX'', ''Edge'' and '' Computer ...
placed him at the top of their 2009 list of manliest men in video game history. '' Complex'' ranked him as fourth on the list of top "pervs" in games in 2012 and as the seventh greatest soldier in video games in 2013. In 2021, Chris Morgan for ''
Yardbarker Yardbarker is a digital media property focused on the publishing of sports and entertainment news and information. Founded in 2006, the property distributes content on Yardbarker.com, social media platforms and via third party syndication partne ...
'' described Snake as one of "the most memorable characters from old school Nintendo games".


Critical response

Critics have commented on his traits and appearance, often praising Solid Snake for his appealing personality. Solid Snake's endurance in the face of extreme punishment was even made the focus of a comedy article in the satirical newspaper '' The Onion''. In 2013, Rich Knight and Gus Turner from ''Complex'' ranked him as the ninth best video game mascot, adding that he represents "deep, human emotion that other characters fail to match." IGN also remarked their rivalry, saying "Few rivalries in games have spanned as massive and confusing a timeline as Solid Snake and Liquid Snake". Solid Snake's ''Metal Gear Solid 2'' design was at the bottom of the worst game character makeovers list by ''
GamePro Gamepro.com is an international multiplatform video game magazine media company that covers the video game industry, video game hardware and video game software in countries such as Germany and France. The publication, GamePro, was originally la ...
'', condemning his conversion in hairstyle in comparison to his ''Metal Gear Solid'' design, and was also at the top of
IGN ''IGN'' (formerly ''Imagine Games Network'') is an American video game and entertainment media website operated by IGN Entertainment Inc., a subsidiary of Ziff Davis, Inc. The company's headquarters is located in San Francisco's SoMa distri ...
's list of the worst video game haircuts. Before '' Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater'', the character was thought to be the game's protagonist because of his physical resemblances with Naked Snake. However, later previews speculated how was it impossible for Solid Snake to be in the game's settings, leading to the conclusion it was a young incarnation of his father. A comparison between Solid Snake's and Big Boss's characters was made by IGN in article "Stars Thunderdome: Snake vs. Big Boss." The character's appearance in ''Metal Gear Solid 4'' has received mostly positive opinions. Before it was released, various speculations were made regarding his role. As he was the only one who suffered from a drastic change in appearance, IGN commented that the most famous rumor was the one of his body deteriorating across the game. Moreover, since it had been announced it would be his last appearance, IGN and GamesRadar wondered whether the character would die during the game and if Raiden would replace him following his death. GamesRadar commented that his character was one of the few gaming characters that aged across video games. ''GamePro'' also listed Old Snake as one of the biggest surprises from the game, as the character was found interesting in contrast to pessimistic thoughts they had before the game's release. GameDaily listed the "old hero" as one of their list of top video game archetypes, using the old version of the character as an example of this. '' PLAY'' gave praise to his moustache considering how highly detailed it is, and represents the change from Solid Snake's character. On the other hand, 1UP.com placed Old Snake third in their 2009 list of most gracelessly aging characters as it gave negative messages about aging. In 2013, ''Complex'' included Old Snake among the ten video game characters who look like sex offenders, but '' La Nueva España'' included him among the top ten sexiest video game characters of both genders. GameDaily made Solid Snake top their ''
Smash Bros. ''Super Smash Bros.'' is a crossover fighting game series published by Nintendo. The series was created by Masahiro Sakurai, who has directed every game in the series. The series is known for its unique gameplay objective which differs from ...
'' characters list, while ''PLAY'' listed him as one of the characters they wanted to be playable in ''
Mortal Kombat ''Mortal Kombat'' is an American media franchise centered on a series of video games originally developed by Midway Games in 1992. The development of the first game was originally based on an idea that Ed Boon and John Tobias had of making a v ...
''. The character customization in '' Soulcalibur IV'' that allowed to create Solid Snake was listed by UGO as one of the best ones from the series owing to his popularity within gamers. Gavin Jasper of '' Den of Geek'' ranked Solid Snake as 12th of ''Super Smash Bros. Ultimate'' characters, and stated that "bringing Snake in ''Smash Bros.'' was an act of pure dominance." Jeremy Parish of ''
Polygon In geometry, a polygon () is a plane figure that is described by a finite number of straight line segments connected to form a closed ''polygonal chain'' (or ''polygonal circuit''). The bounded plane region, the bounding circuit, or the two toge ...
'' ranked 73 fighters from '' Super Smash Bros. Ultimate'' "from garbage to glorious", listing Solid Snake as 18th, stating that "The legendary super-soldier Solid Snake remains one of gaming's greatest and most tragic figures." People expressed some disappointment on ''Super Smash Bros. Ultimate'' when Solid Snake wears a skintight stealth suit, and the rendition being completely changed. Leaving the character's butt being reduced. ''
HobbyConsolas ''HobbyConsolas'' is a Spanish video game magazine founded in 1991 by Hobby Press and published by Axel Springer SE. The first issue appeared in October 1990. The monthly magazine offers information about games for all consoles, and since 2012 ha ...
'' named Snake as third of their "The 30 best heroes of the last 30 years." Akio Otsuka's and David Hayter's performances as Solid Snake's voice actors has received praise. Ōtsuka remembers being surprised during his debut as a result of the large amount of dialogue Solid Snake was given. Hayter's performance was called one of the greatest in gaming as well as one of the character's most recognizable traits. In 2013, ''
Game Informer ''Game Informer'' (''GI'', most often stylized ''gameinformer'' from the 2010s onward) is an American monthly video game magazine featuring articles, news, strategy, and reviews of video games and associated consoles. It debuted in August 1991 w ...
'' ranked Hayter's role as Solid Snake as the seventh most memorable character voice in video games for "a portrayal that's considered to be a real classic in the history of video game voice acting".


Controversy

In the '' Tekken 7'' Evo 2019 finals, the character was used to have a chat with developer Katsuhiro Harada. The organizers of Evo stated this was a joke as many fans believed it was a hint for a possible usage of the character as downloadable content. David Hayter complained about this joke as Evo did not consult Konami or him when using the audio.


References

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