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Dvesha (
Sanskrit
Sanskrit (; stem form ; nominal singular , ,) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in northwest South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural ...
: द्वेष,
IAST
The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) is a transliteration scheme that allows the lossless romanisation of Brahmic family, Indic scripts as employed by Sanskrit and related Indic languages. It is based on a scheme that ...
: ''dveṣa''; ; Tibetan: ''zhe sdang'') is a
Buddhist
Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and List of philosophies, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or ...
and Hindu term that is translated as "hate, aversion".
[;]
[; Quote: The attainment of freedom from the three poisons of lust (raga), hatred (dvesa) and confusion (moha) by a person who is understood as being in the process of becoming conditioned by various factors (not merely by the three poisons)....] In Hinduism, it is one of the
Five Poisons or kleshas.
Walpola Rahula renders it as "hatred", as does Chogyam Trungpa.
In Buddhism
In Buddhism, ''Dvesha'' (hate, aversion) is the opposite of ''raga'' (lust, desire). Along with ''
Raga
A raga ( ; , ; ) is a melodic framework for improvisation in Indian classical music akin to a musical mode, melodic mode. It is central to classical Indian music. Each raga consists of an array of melodic structures with musical motifs; and, fro ...
'' and ''
Moha'', ''Dvesha'' is one of the three character afflictions that, in part, cause ''
Dukkha''. It is also one of the "threefold fires" in
Buddhist Pali canon that must be quenched.
Dvesha is symbolically present as the snake in the center of Tibetan bhavachakra drawings.
Dvesha (
Pali
Pāli (, IAST: pāl̤i) is a Classical languages of India, classical Middle Indo-Aryan languages, Middle Indo-Aryan language of the Indian subcontinent. It is widely studied because it is the language of the Buddhist ''Pali Canon, Pāli Can ...
: dosa) is identified in the following contexts within the Buddhist teachings:
* One of the
three poisons
The three poisons (Sanskrit: ''triviṣa''; Tibetan: ''dug gsum'') in the Mahayana tradition or the three unwholesome roots (Sanskrit: ''akuśala-mūla''; Pāli: ''akusala-mūla'') in the Theravada tradition are a Buddhist term that refers to th ...
(''Trivisah'') within the Mahayana Buddhist tradition.
* One of the ''three unwholesome roots'' within the Theravada Buddhist tradition
* One of the
fourteen unwholesome mental factors within the Theravada Abhidharma teachings
In Hinduism
Yoga Sutras II.8 describes dvesha (aversion) as originating from encounters with pain. In his commentary, Vyasa explains that aversion manifests as resistance, anger, frustration, or resentment toward anything associated with past painful experiences. Aversion is also closely related to attachment, as both are rooted in past experiences.
See also
*
Advesha
*
Kleshas (Buddhism)
Kleshas (; ''kilesa''; ''nyon mongs''), in Buddhism, are mental states that cloud the mind and manifest in unwholesome actions. ''Kleshas'' include states of mind such as anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy, desire, etc. Contemporary translators use ...
*
Mental factors (Buddhism)
Mental factors ( or ''chitta samskara'' ; ; Tibetic languages, Tibetan: སེམས་བྱུང ''sems byung''), in Buddhism, are identified within the teachings of the Abhidhamma (Buddhist psychology). They are defined as aspects of the mind ...
*
Taṇhā
(from Pāli; ) is an important concept in Buddhism, referring to "thirst, desire, longing, greed", either physical or mental. It is typically translated as craving, and is of three types: ''kāma-taṇhā'' (craving for sensual pleasures), ' ...
References
Sources
*
Bhikkhu Bodhi
Bhikkhu Bodhi (born December 10, 1944) () born Jeffrey Block, is an American Theravada Buddhist monk ordained in Sri Lanka. He teaches in the New York and New Jersey area. He was appointed the second president of the Buddhist Publication Soci ...
(2003), ''A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma'', Pariyatti Publishing
*
Goleman, Daniel (2008). ''Destructive Emotions: A Scientific Dialogue with the Dalai Lama''. Bantam. Kindle Edition.
* Geshe Tashi Tsering (2006). ''Buddhist Psychology: The Foundation of Buddhist Thought''. Perseus Books Group. Kindle Edition.
{{Buddhism topics
Unwholesome factors in Buddhism
Sanskrit words and phrases
Hindu philosophical concepts
Buddhist philosophical concepts