Tuấn Phù (全扶) or Tuan Phaow was a Malay who briefly appeared as resistance leader in the Panduranga Kingdom in

Champa Champa (Cham language, Cham: ꨌꩌꨛꨩ, چمڤا; ; 占城 or 占婆) was a collection of independent Chams, Cham Polity, polities that extended across the coast of what is present-day Central Vietnam, central and southern Vietnam from ...

(in Vietnamese,

Thuận Thành Thuận Thành ʰwə̰ʔn˨˩:tʰa̤jŋ˨˩is a Phường, ward of Bắc Ninh province in the Northeastern Vietnam, Northern Midlands and Mountains of Vietnam. History On April 19, 2025, after the dissolution of former Bắc Ninh province for ...

) in the 1790s. His appearance was conditioned by the Tây Sơn wars that engulfed

Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...

in warfare between 1771 and 1802. Very little is known about him.

Anti-Nguyễn resistance in Champa

Champa was the unfortunate object of successive occupations by forces of the

Nguyễn Nguyễn (阮) (sometimes abbreviated as Ng̃) is the most common surname of the Vietnamese people. Outside of Vietnam, the surname is commonly rendered without diacritics as ''Nguyen''. By some estimates 30 to 39 percent of Vietnamese peopl ...

and Tây Sơn during the 1770s, 1780s, and 1790s. The Tây Sơn-appointed ruler Po Tisuntiraidapuran was captured and executed by the Nguyễn forces in 1793, and replaced by a loyal person of non-royal origins, Po Ladhuanpuguh. However, the highly disturbed conditions made for resistance movements that turned against the Nguyễn appointee. A Muslim Cham leader from Dã Giang called Po Thong Khang, also known as Tăng Ma, rose against Po Ladhuanpuguh's regime in Băl Canar in 1796, being supported as leader by the Tây Sơn. He was however quickly defeated at Phô Châm by the pro-Nguyễn forces.

Islam as a rallying call

However, peace did not last long. In the same year 1796, a certain Muslim from "

Mecca Mecca, officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia; it is the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow valley above ...

", here meaning

Kelantan Kelantan (; Kelantan-Pattani Malay, Kelantanese Malay: ''Klate''; ) is a state in Malaysia. The capital, Kota Bharu, includes the royal seat of Kubang Kerian. The honorific, honorific name of the state is ''Darul Naim'' ("The Blissful Abode"). ...

on the

Malay Peninsula The Malay Peninsula is located in Mainland Southeast Asia. The landmass runs approximately north–south, and at its terminus, it is the southernmost point of the Asian continental mainland. The area contains Peninsular Malaysia, Southern Tha ...

, arrived with several followers from

Cambodia Cambodia, officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. It is bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the north, and Vietnam to the east, and has a coastline ...

. Being a Malay nobleman by the name Tuấn Phù or Tuan Phaow, he emerged as leader of the discontented Cham. He established a base at Bicam to the west of the capital Băl Canar, built a fortress and established military training camps, thus raising the banner of rebellion. He organized his rebel movement with the aim to expel the Vietnamese forces from Bình Thuận province and fight the pro-Nguyễn authorities in Băl Canar. The movement took on a strongly Islamic character, as he claimed that he had been sent by God to resist the Vietnamese and was a descendant of the

Prophet In religion, a prophet or prophetess is an individual who is regarded as being in contact with a divinity, divine being and is said to speak on behalf of that being, serving as an intermediary with humanity by delivering messages or teachings ...

and the Caliph

Ali Ali ibn Abi Talib (; ) was the fourth Rashidun caliph who ruled from until his assassination in 661, as well as the first Shia Imam. He was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Born to Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib an ...

. Taking the title Lord Bho Radhik, he attacked Vietnamese military posts in conjunction with thousands of Chams from Cambodia and Panduranga, as well as

Raglai The Raglai () people are a Chamic languages, Chamic ethnic group mainly living in Khánh Hòa province, Khánh Hòa and Ninh Thuận province, Ninh Thuận provinces of Central Vietnam. They speak Roglai language, Roglai - a Malayo-Polynesian lan ...

, Churu and Kahaow adherents. The attack, which took place in the seventh month of 1796, was however swiftly defeated by Po Ladhuanpuguh and his deputy ruler Po Saong Nyung Ceng. Tuấn Phù was wounded and withdrew to the land of the Kahaow. With these events, Tuấn Phù disappears from the historical record and is said to have returned to Kelantan.Danny Wong (2004) "Vietnam-Champa Relations and the Malay-Islam Regional Network in the 17th–19th Centuries", ''Kyoto Review of Southeast Asia''

/ref>

References

{{reflist, 2 Rulers of Panduranga Year of death unknown Year of birth unknown