Tulgheș
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Tulgheș ( or colloquially ''Tölgyes'', Hungarian pronunciation: , meaning "place with oak trees in Gyergyó") is a commune in
Harghita County Harghita County (, and , ) is a county () in the center of Romania, in eastern Transylvania, with the county seat at Miercurea Ciuc. Demographics 2002 census In 2002, Harghita County had a population of 326,222 and a population density of ...
,
Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
. It lies in eastern
Transylvania Transylvania ( or ; ; or ; Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjen'') is a List of historical regions of Central Europe, historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and ...
. The commune is composed of four villages: Hagota (''Hágótő''), Pintic (''Péntekpataka''), Recea (''Récefalva''), and Tulgheș.


Demography

At the 2011 census, 70.8% of inhabitants were
Romanians Romanians (, ; dated Endonym and exonym, exonym ''Vlachs'') are a Romance languages, Romance-speaking ethnic group and nation native to Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. Sharing a Culture of Romania, ...
and 28.8%
Hungarians Hungarians, also known as Magyars, are an Ethnicity, ethnic group native to Hungary (), who share a common Culture of Hungary, culture, Hungarian language, language and History of Hungary, history. They also have a notable presence in former pa ...
(
Székelys The Székelys (, Old Hungarian script, Székely runes: ), also referred to as Szeklers, are a Hungarians, Hungarian subgroup living mostly in the Székely Land in Romania. In addition to their native villages in Suceava County in Bukovina, a ...
). At the 2002 census, 65.5% of inhabitants were
Romanian Orthodox The Romanian Orthodox Church (ROC; , ), or Romanian Patriarchate, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox Christian churches, and one of the nine patriarchates in the Eastern Orthodox Church. S ...
and 31.3%
Roman Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institut ...
.Romanian Census 2002
retrieved on July 23, 2010 At the 2021 census, Tulgheș had a population of 2,941; of those, 70.59% were Romanians and 25.06% Hungarians. Tulgheș and Recea have ethnic Romanian majorities with large minorities of ethnic Hungarians, Pintic has an absolute Romanian majority, and Hagota has a Hungarian majority.


General information

Tulgheș commune is situated in the northeast part of
Harghita County Harghita County (, and , ) is a county () in the center of Romania, in eastern Transylvania, with the county seat at Miercurea Ciuc. Demographics 2002 census In 2002, Harghita County had a population of 326,222 and a population density of ...
, at an average altitude of , on the lower part of the Bistricioara River. This river flows from Călimani from an altitude of and crosses a total of . The Bistricioara River Basin is formed by the streams: * Putna, largest tributary (around ), which collects water from the mountains: Tătaru, Putna Întunecoasa, Șumuleu, Călugăreni Mic, Balaj, Rezu Mare and Marcu. * Diacul de Jos, Diacul de Sus, Baratelul and Pintecul, which flows under Mt. Chicera (), forming the “border” between Mount Higheș and to the east, the Ceahlău Massif. Tulgheș received its name from the Tulgheș Pass, which links the Hang Depression in
Neamț County Neamț County () is a county ( județ) of Romania, in the historic region of Moldavia, with the county seat at Piatra Neamț. The county takes its name from the Neamț River. Demographics Population In 2011, it had a population of 470,766 ...
with the Giurgeu Depression in
Harghita County Harghita County (, and , ) is a county () in the center of Romania, in eastern Transylvania, with the county seat at Miercurea Ciuc. Demographics 2002 census In 2002, Harghita County had a population of 326,222 and a population density of ...
.


Transportation and important places in the area

Transportation in the area is exclusively by road. * The main highway is
national road The National Road (also known as the Cumberland Road) was the first major improved highway in the United States built by the federal government. Built between 1811 and 1837, the road connected the Potomac and Ohio Rivers and was a main tran ...
, which first ascends from the Bistricioara Valley toward Creanga Pass, then descends into
Toplița Toplița (; , ) is a Municipiu, city in Harghita County, Transylvania, Romania. The settlement has had multiple name changes: ''Taplócza'', ''Toplicza'', ''Gyergyó-Toplicza'', from February 3, 1861 ''Oláh-Toplicza'', or "Romanian Toplița", ...
and , then on to the Mureș Valley. East of Tulgheș, DN15 arrives in Poiana Largului and connects with DN17B toward
Vatra Dornei Vatra Dornei (; ; ; ) is a city in Suceava County, north-eastern Romania. It is situated in the historical region of Bukovina. Vatra Dornei is the fifth largest urban settlement in the county, with a population of 12,578 inhabitants, according to ...
, DN15C toward
Târgu Neamț Târgu Neamț (; , , , ) is a town in Neamț County, Western Moldavia, Romania, on the river Neamț. It had, , a population of 18,029. Three villages are administered by the town: Blebea, Humulești, and Humuleștii Noi. History Originally ...
, and continues then to the Bistrița Valley toward
Bicaz Bicaz () is a town in Neamț County, Western Moldavia, Romania situated in the eastern Carpathian Mountains near the confluence of the Bicaz and Bistrița Rivers and near Lake Bicaz, an artificial lake formed by the Bicaz Dam on the Bistri ...
,
Piatra Neamț Piatra Neamț (; ; ) is the capital city of Neamț County, in the historical region of Western Moldavia, in northeastern Romania. Because of its very privileged location in the Divisions of the Carpathians, Eastern Carpathian mountains, it is con ...
and
Bacău Bacău ( ; , ; ; ) is the main city in Bacău County, Romania. With a population of 136,087 (as of 2021 census), Bacău is the 14th largest city in Romania. The city is situated in the historical region of Moldavia, at the foothills of the ...
. * County road DJ127 rises via the Putna River Valley toward Tengheler Pass and descends into Ditrău and DN12. * DJ127A, most easily traversed with an off-road vehicle, ascends via the Balaj River Valley toward the Balaj Pass then descends toward Bicazu Ardelean and . Nearby notable cities include: Borsec (), Bilbor ( via Borsec and then DJ144A),
Toplița Toplița (; , ) is a Municipiu, city in Harghita County, Transylvania, Romania. The settlement has had multiple name changes: ''Taplócza'', ''Toplicza'', ''Gyergyó-Toplicza'', from February 3, 1861 ''Oláh-Toplicza'', or "Romanian Toplița", ...
(45 km), Ditrău ( via DJ127),
Gheorgheni Gheorgheni (; ) is a Municipiu, city in Harghita County, Romania, with a population of 15,844, as of 2021. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania. The city administers four villages: Covacipeter (''Kovács ...
( via DJ127 via Toplița). Larger cities in the area include:
Piatra Neamț Piatra Neamț (; ; ) is the capital city of Neamț County, in the historical region of Western Moldavia, in northeastern Romania. Because of its very privileged location in the Divisions of the Carpathians, Eastern Carpathian mountains, it is con ...
(),
Târgu Neamț Târgu Neamț (; , , , ) is a town in Neamț County, Western Moldavia, Romania, on the river Neamț. It had, , a population of 18,029. Three villages are administered by the town: Blebea, Humulești, and Humuleștii Noi. History Originally ...
(),
Vatra Dornei Vatra Dornei (; ; ; ) is a city in Suceava County, north-eastern Romania. It is situated in the historical region of Bukovina. Vatra Dornei is the fifth largest urban settlement in the county, with a population of 12,578 inhabitants, according to ...
( via the Bistrița Valley, via Borsec-Creanga Pass- Bilbor on DJ174A).


Geomorphological and climatic highlights

The mountains around the village are: * To the east: Borsec Mountains, the northern sector from the Gurghiu Mountains through Rezu Mare Peak – Round Batca Mountains () with the village's nearest peak – Obcina Mica (). * To the south:
Hășmaș Mountains The Hășmaș Mountains ( Romanian: ''Munții Hășmaș''; Hungarian: ''Hagymás-hegység'') are limestone and sandstone massifs located in Romania, in the Inner Eastern Carpathians group of the Eastern Carpathian Mountains The Carpathi ...
, the northwest group through Tulgheș Peak – Mt. Higheș () – with the village's nearest peaks – Preluca Mare () and Bâtca Pițului (). * To the north: The Mountains of Bistrița, which are bordered by the Bistricioara River to the southwest; the Rock of Comarnic, which resembles a ruined citadel (); the Comarnic Plateau, which lies to the southwest of the Red Rock (). * The Ceahlău Massif The climate is specific to mountain zones with cool summers (average temperature of 14-16 degrees C in July) and moderate winters. The average annual temperature ranges from 5-6 degrees C, and the average rainfall is about 1000mm/m2. There is snow on the ground 80–100 days per year, with an average thickness of 250 cm in the higher mountain altitudes. Due to the shelter of the mountains surrounding it, The Corbu-Tulgheș Depression receives more favorable weather conditions than in the Giurgeu Depression of the Upper Mureș Valley, where temperatures are much lower.


Economic highlights

The primary economic source is the development of local natural resources. However, a secondary source is pastoral farming and vegetable farming practiced in private households, where a smaller yield is cultivated because the primary goal is sustainability. On the way toward Mt. Grințieș via the Primatar River Valley on the perimeter of Preluca Ursului, there is a uranium deposit with two areas of experimental exploration: Primatar I and II, which are currently in preservation. The community also benefits from a post office and several private trade shops, including a barber, shoemaker and blacksmith.


Historical highlights

The community of Tulgheș developed after the 17th century, mainly in the 19th century when there was a change in the local Transcarpathian roads. At the end of the 18th century, the Priska Pass used to be the gateway for travelers by foot and horseback. The official customs and quarantine office was on Mt. Priska (Piricske) between Putna and Belcina. Those coming from
Gheorgheni Gheorgheni (; ) is a Municipiu, city in Harghita County, Romania, with a population of 15,844, as of 2021. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania. The city administers four villages: Covacipeter (''Kovács ...
(Gyergyószentmiklós) used to climb up Mount Tătarul (Tatárhágó) and then descend via the Putna Valley, and, through Tulgheș, arrived in
Moldavia Moldavia (, or ; in Romanian Cyrillic alphabet, Romanian Cyrillic: or ) is a historical region and former principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester River. An initially in ...
. The Transylvanian checkpoint at Priska moved in 1806 toward Gura Putnei in Tulgheș, while the Moldovan checkpoint moved to Prisecani (1792). The population flood from the Mureș corridor (
Romanian Romanian may refer to: *anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania **Romanians, an ethnic group **Romanian language, a Romance language ***Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language **Romanian cuisine, traditional ...
and Székely) and from the Bistrița Valley took over the existing Romanian population in Tulgheș. The name, which comes from “Oak Tree” after the oak forest found on the southern slope of the foothills of the Bistrița Mountains toward the Bistricioara Valley, originates from the Hungarian Tölgyes. However, it was later renamed officially Tulgheș after 1920, similar to Rezu Mare (Nagyréz), Pârâul Mărului (Marpatak), Gyergótölgyes, etc.


Opportunities

In the Tulgheș area, there are 30 mineral springs, of which 11 have been recorded and inventoried. The current bioclimate also makes the area suitable for spas. The most important springs are Șesul Comarnicului, Laurențiu, Branea, Prisecani, Diacul de Sus, Diacul de Jos, Cibeni, Șandoreni and Rezu Mare.


Touristic landmarks and memorials

* Military Memorial dedicated to the Romanian Heroes from the
First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
can be found in the village along DJ127, above the former Hungarian barracks built in the years 1942/1943 and next to where the Marc River empties into the Putna River. The reburial of fallen soldiers (originally buried on Mt. Higheș) was done in 1989 with honors. Here are buried 49 soldiers from the 28th Infantry Brigade, who were killed in the area battles in Valea Jidanului, Covorea, Valea Putnei, Pietrele Roșii and Baret. The memorial includes a memorial cross, unveiled in 1916. It stands 1.3m tall and is made of
granite Granite ( ) is a coarse-grained (phanerite, phaneritic) intrusive rock, intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase. It forms from magma with a high content of silica and alkali metal oxides that slowly coo ...
. In the foreground of the commemorative cross is inscribed “War heroes to complete the race. 1914-1919.” The small wooden church at the Military Cemeteray dates back to 1790, itself a historical monument. * Piatra Roșie Reservation (1,215m): gliding, climbing, sightseeing * Piatra Runcului (1,296m) * Platoul Comarnicului (Comarnic Plateau) * Protected area of pedunculate oaks (Quercus pedunculiflora), which is expecting the declaration of preserve status, is situated on the exposed, southern slopes of the Bistricioara Valley and covers about 77 hectares. *
Hungarian Army The Hungarian Ground Forces (, ) constitute the land branch of the Hungarian Defence Forces, responsible for ground activities and troops, including artillery, tanks, Armoured Personnel Carriers (APCs), Infantry Fighting Vehicles (IFVs), and g ...
Barracks (1942/1944). Also formerly a tuberculosis hospital, it is currently used as a psychiatric hospital. In the past, it was also used for the accommodation of 2,000-3,000 Greek children, who became orphans during the
Greek Civil War The Greek Civil War () took place from 1946 to 1949. The conflict, which erupted shortly after the end of World War II, consisted of a Communism, Communist-led uprising against the established government of the Kingdom of Greece. The rebels decl ...
(1946-1949). * The
Romanian Orthodox The Romanian Orthodox Church (ROC; , ), or Romanian Patriarchate, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox Christian churches, and one of the nine patriarchates in the Eastern Orthodox Church. S ...
church dedicated to the Assumption (built in 1882) * An
Armenian Armenian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia * Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent ** Armenian diaspora, Armenian communities around the ...
family crypt, which is near the Romanian Orthodox church * The lime kiln in Valea Frumoasă dating back to the 18th century * Water mill dating from the 18th century, which still works today * A clock tower, in which the clock is made of wood * Former “Tulgheș Inn,” currently at the
Sibiu Sibiu ( , , , Hungarian: ''Nagyszeben'', , Transylvanian Saxon: ''Härmeschtat'' or ''Hermestatt'') is a city in central Romania, situated in the historical region of Transylvania. Located some north-west of Bucharest, the city straddles th ...
Museum of Culture and Civilization * There is also recreational fishing in the area. * A locally owned hunting cabin on the property of Romsilva, which is included in the tourist circuit.


Natives

* Alexandru Nicolescu (1882–1941), bishop of the Greek-Catholic Church.


References


Bibliography


Primăria Comunei Tulgheș

Strategia de dezvoltare locala a comunei Tulghes pentru perioada 2007 – 2013





Hărți Munții Bistriței

Sudul Munților Bistriței - Pietrele Roșii și Platoul Comarnicului

Sudul Munților Bistriței - Piatra Runcului
* Colecția Munții Noștri - Nr. 16 Hășmaș, Emilian Cristea, Editura Sport-Turism, București, 1978 * Colecția Munții Noștri - Nr. 7 Munții Giurgeului, Marcu Ovidiu, Editura Sport-Turism, București, 1974


External links


The Drăgoiasa-Tulgheș Depressionary Alignment. The Tourism Potential, Arrangement and Capitalization, George-Bogdan Tofan, Studia universitas Babeș-Bolyai - Geographia, Nr. 2, 2011
accesat 2012.09.05
Drăgoiasa-Tulgheș Depressionary Alignment. The Numerical Evolution of Population between 1850 and 2010, George-Bogdan Tofan, Studia universitas Babeș-Bolyai - Geographia, Nr. 2, 2011
accesat 2012.09.05 Image:The Assumption Orthodox Church of Tulgheş.JPG, Image:St. Mary Catholic Church.JPG, Image:The former Austro-Hungarian army barracks.JPG, Image:Romanian military cemetery and wooden church St. Archangels Michael and Gabriel.JPG, Image:Wooden Church St. Archangels Michael and Gabriel.JPG, Image:Romanian military cemetery.JPG, {{DEFAULTSORT:Tulghes Communes in Harghita County Localities in Transylvania Székely communities