Tula (, ) is the largest city and the

administrative center An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune, is located. In countries with French as the administrative language, such as Belgiu ...

Tula Oblast Tula Oblast () is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject (an Oblasts of Russia, oblast) of Russia. It is geographically located in European Russia and is administratively part of the Central Federal District, covering an area of . It has a ...

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

, located south of

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

. Tula is located in the northern Central Russian Upland on the banks of the Upa River, a tributary of the Oka. At the 2010 census, Tula had a population of 501,169, an increase from 481,216 in 2002, making it the 32nd-largest city in Russia by population.A primarily industrial

city A city is a human settlement of a substantial size. The term "city" has different meanings around the world and in some places the settlement can be very small. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements, there is no universally agree ...

, Tula was a fortress at the border of the Principality of Ryazan. The city was seized by Ivan Bolotnikov in 1606 during the

Time of Troubles The Time of Troubles (), also known as Smuta (), was a period of political crisis in Tsardom of Russia, Russia which began in 1598 with the death of Feodor I of Russia, Feodor I, the last of the Rurikids, House of Rurik, and ended in 1613 wit ...

and withstood a four-month siege by the Tsar's army. Historically, Tula has been a major centre for the manufacture of

armaments A weapon, arm, or armament is any implement or device that is used to deter, threaten, inflict physical damage, harm, or kill. Weapons are used to increase the efficacy and efficiency of activities such as hunting, crime (e.g., murder), law ...

. The

Demidov The Demidov family (Russian: Деми́довы), also known as Demidoff or Dimidov, is a prominent Russian nobility, Russian noble family that rose to immense wealth and influence during the 18th and 19th centuries. The Demidovs became a wealth ...

family built the first armament factory in Russia in the city, in what would become the Tula Arms Plant, which still operates to this day. Tula is home to the Klokovo air base, Tula State University, the Tula Kremlin, Tula State Museum of Weapons, and Kazanskaya Embankment. Tula has a historical association with the samovar, a metal container used to heat and boil water; the city was a major center of Russian samovar production.

Yasnaya Polyana Yasnaya Polyana ( rus, Я́сная Поля́на, p=ˈjasnəjə pɐˈlʲanə, ) is a writer's house museum, the former home of the writer Leo Tolstoy.#Bartlett, Bartlett, p. 25 It is southwest of Tula, Russia, Tula, Russia, and from Moscow. ...

, the former home of the writer

Leo Tolstoy Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy Tolstoy pronounced his first name as , which corresponds to the romanization ''Lyov''. () (; ,Throughout Tolstoy's whole life, his name was written as using Reforms of Russian orthography#The post-revolution re ...

, is located southwest of Tula. Additionally, Tula is known for its imprinted gingerbread ( pryanik), which has been made in Tula since the 17th century.

Etymology

The name of the city is likely pre-Russian, probably of Baltic origin.

History

Tula was first mentioned in the ''

Nikon Chronicle The ''Nikon Chronicle'' () is a compilation of Russian chronicles undertaken at the court of Ivan the Terrible in the mid-16th century. The compilation was named after Patriarch Nikon of Moscow, who owned a copy. In the 18th century, it was publi ...

'' (year 1146). In the

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and ...

, Tula was a minor fortress at the border of the Principality of Ryazan. As soon as it passed to the

Grand Duchy of Moscow The Grand Principality of Moscow, or Muscovy, known as the Principality of Moscow until 1389, was a late medieval Russian monarchy. Its capital was the city of Moscow. Originally established as a minor principality in the 13th century, the gra ...

, a brick citadel, or

kremlin The Moscow Kremlin (also the Kremlin) is a fortified complex in Moscow, Russia. Located in the centre of the country's capital city, the Moscow Kremlin (fortification), Kremlin comprises five palaces, four cathedrals, and the enclosing Mosco ...

, was constructed in 1514–1521. It was a key fortress of the Great Abatis Belt and successfully resisted a siege by the

Tatars Tatars ( )Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary are a group of Turkic peoples across Eas ...

in 1552. In 1607, Ivan Bolotnikov and his supporters seized the citadel and withstood a four-months siege by the

Tsar Tsar (; also spelled ''czar'', ''tzar'', or ''csar''; ; ; sr-Cyrl-Latn, цар, car) is a title historically used by Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word '' caesar'', which was intended to mean ''emperor'' in the Euro ...

's army. In the 18th century, some parts of the kremlin walls were demolished. Despite its archaic appearance, the five-domed Assumption Cathedral in the kremlin was built as late as 1764. In 1712, Tula was visited by

Peter the Great Peter I (, ; – ), better known as Peter the Great, was the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia, Tsar of all Russia from 1682 and the first Emperor of Russia, Emperor of all Russia from 1721 until his death in 1725. He reigned j ...

, who commissioned the

blacksmiths to build the first armament factory in Russia. Several decades later, Tula was turned by the Demidovs into the greatest ironworking center of Eastern Europe. The oldest museum in the city, showcasing the history of weapons, was inaugurated by the Demidovs in 1724, and Nicholas-Zaretsky Church in the city houses their family vault. The first factory to produce samovars industrially was also established there in the course of the 18th century. After the Demidovs moved the center of their manufacture to the

Urals The Ural Mountains ( ),; , ; , or simply the Urals, are a mountain range in Eurasia that runs north–south mostly through Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the river Ural (river), Ural and northwestern Kazakhstan.

, Tula continued as a center of

heavy industry Heavy industry is an industry that involves one or more characteristics such as large and heavy products; large and heavy equipment and facilities (such as heavy equipment, large machine tools, huge buildings and large-scale infrastructure); o ...

, particularly in the manufacture of matériel. In the 1890s, Ivan Savelyev, a medical orderly, became the founder of

social democracy Social democracy is a Social philosophy, social, Economic ideology, economic, and political philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy and a gradualist, reformist, and democratic approach toward achi ...

in Tula and set up a workers' study circle. During

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, the city was important in the production of armaments. Tula became the target of a German offensive to break Soviet resistance in the Moscow area between 24 October and 5 December 1941. According to Erik Durschmied in ''The Weather Factor: How Nature has Changed History'', one German general reached the southwestern outskirts of Tula on 29–30 October 1941. The heavily fortified city held out, however, and Guderian's Second Panzer Army was stopped near Tula. The city secured the southern flank during the

Battle of Moscow The Battle of Moscow was a military campaign that consisted of two periods of strategically significant fighting on a sector of the Eastern Front during World War II, between October 1941 and January 1942. The Soviet defensive effort frustrated H ...

and the subsequent counter-offensive. Tula was awarded the title Hero City in 1976. It is home to the Klokovo air base and the Tula Arms Plant.

Administrative and municipal status

Tula serves as the

of the

oblast An oblast ( or ) is a type of administrative division in Bulgaria and several post-Soviet states, including Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. Historically, it was used in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. The term ''oblast'' is often translated i ...

.Law #954-ZTO Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as Tula City Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the

districts A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions ...

. As a municipal division, the territories of Tula City Under Oblast Jurisdiction and of Leninsky District are incorporated as Tula Urban Okrug.Law #553-ZTOAll rural localities included as a part of Tula Urban Okrug in Law #553-ZTO are listed as a part of Leninsky District in

OKATO Russian Classification on Objects of Administrative DivisionThe English name of the document is given per the English title included on the document's first page. (), or OKATO (), also called All-Russian classification on units of administrative and ...

Mayors

* Sergey Kazakov (1997–2005) * Vladimir Mogilnikov (2005–2010) * Alisa Tolkachyova (2010–2011) * Yevgeny Avilov (2011–2012) * Aleksandr Prokopuk (2012–2014) * Yuri Tskipuri (2014–2019) * Olga Slyusareva (2019–present time)

Economy

For more than four centuries Tula has been known as a center of crafts and metalworking. Tula is a developed industrial center. Importance in the industrial structure of Tula are metallurgy, machinery and metal with a high share of the military-industrial complex and food manufacturing.

Armaments industry

* Almaz-Antey Concern: Scientific Production Association Strela (Russian: ОАО НПО «Стрела») * Splav (Russian: ОАО НПО «СПЛАВ») part of the Techmash holding of Rostec; only manufacturer of

multiple rocket launchers A multiple rocket launcher (MRL) or multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) is a type of rocket artillery system that contains multiple launchers which are fixed to a single platform, and shoots its rocket ordnance in a fashion similar to a vol ...

in Russia:

BM-21 Grad The BM-21 "Grad" () is a self-propelled 122 mm multiple rocket launcher designed in the Soviet Union. The system and the M-21OF rocket were first developed in the early 1960s, and saw their first combat use in March 1969 during the Sino-S ...

, BM-27 Uragan,

BM-30 Smerch The BM-30 ''Smerch'' (, 'whirlwind'), 9K58 Smerch or 9A52-2 Smerch-M is a heavy Self-propelled artillery, self-propelled 300 mm multiple rocket launcher designed in the Soviet Union to fire a full load of 12 solid-fuelled projectiles. The ...

KBP Instrument Design Bureau JSC ''Konstruktorskoe Buro Priborostroeniya'' (KBP) ( Joint-Stock Company - Instrument Design Bureau) is one of the main enterprises in the field of Defense industry of Russia, Russian defense industry, based in Tula. It is engaged in designing ...

*Shcheglovsky Val plant (Russian: «Щегловский вал» завод): manufacturer of the Bumerang-BM for the T-15 Armata *

Tactical Missiles Corporation JSC Tactical Missiles Corporation (KTRV) (, КТРВ) is a major Russian holding company for the manufacturers of military weapons (especially missiles), headquartered in Korolyov, Moscow Oblast. History Tactical Missiles Corporation was found ...

: TsKBA (Russian: ОАО «ЦКБА») Tula asv2019-09 img05 Uspensky Convent aerial view

* Tula Arms Plant * Tulamashzavod * Tula Cartridge Plant

Other companies

* Shtamp Machine-Building Plant * Oktava *Yasnaya Polyana: a confectionery factory established in 1973 under the holding of

United Confectioners United Confectioners () is a Russian confectionery holding. Through its subsidiaries it produces chocolate bars, cakes, cookies and candies. The holding owns brands such as Krasny Oktyabr (confectionery brand), Krasny Oktyabr, Rot Front (confection ...

(Russian: Холдинг «Объединенные кондитеры») that produces 340 different candies including "Yasnaya Polyana"

Culture

A musical instrument, the Tula accordion, is named after the city, which is a center of manufacture for such instruments sold throughout Russia and the world. Tula is also renowned for traditional Russian pryanik, cookies made with honey and spices (see Tula pryanik). In the West, Tula is perhaps best known as the center of arms manufacturing, mainly by

TT pistol The TT-30, commonly known simply as the Tokarev, is a Soviet-made semi-automatic pistol. It was developed during the late 1920s by Fedor Tokarev as a service pistol for the Soviet Armed Forces and was based on the earlier pistol designs of John M ...

, as well as samovar production: the Russian equivalent of "coals to Newcastle" is "You don't take a samovar to Tula". (The saying is falsely ascribed to the writer and playwright Anton Chekhov, whose made a satirical portrait of one of his characters saying "Taking your wife to Paris is the same as taking your own samovar to Tula".) The most popular tourist attraction in

, the home and burial place of the writer

. It is situated southwest of the city. It was here that Tolstoy wrote his celebrated novels '' War and Peace'' and '' Anna Karenina''. The largest public park in Tula is the P. Belousov Central Park of Culture and Recreation.

Education

Tula is home to: * Tula State University * Tula State Pedagogical University *The Tula artillery and Engineering Institute *A branch of All Russia Economic and Finance Institute *A branch of Moscow Economics and Management Institute

Transportation

Since 1867, there has been a railway connection between Tula and Moscow. Tula is a major railway junction with trains to Moscow,

Oryol Oryol ( rus, Орёл, , ɐˈrʲɵl, a=ru-Орёл.ogg, links=y, ), also transliterated as Orel or Oriol, is a Classification of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Oryol Oblast, Russia, situated on the Oka Rive ...

Kursk Kursk (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Kursk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kur (Kursk Oblast), Kur, Tuskar, and Seym (river), Seym rivers. It has a population of Kursk ...

and

Kaluga Kaluga (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It stands on the Oka River southwest of Moscow. Its population was 337,058 at the 2021 census. Kaluga's most famous residen ...

. The Moscow to

Simferopol Simferopol ( ), also known as Aqmescit, is the second-largest city on the Crimea, Crimean Peninsula. The city, along with the rest of Crimea, is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine, but controlled by Russia. It is considered the cap ...

M2 motorway runs past the city. City transport is provided by

tram A tram (also known as a streetcar or trolley in Canada and the United States) is an urban rail transit in which Rolling stock, vehicles, whether individual railcars or multiple-unit trains, run on tramway tracks on urban public streets; some ...

trolleybus A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sJoyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). ''British Trolleybus Systems'', pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing. .or troll ...

es, buses, and

marshrutka ''Marshrutnoye taksi''Russian Air Force The Russian Air Force () is a branch of the Russian Aerospace Forces, the latter being formed on 1 August 2015 with the merging of the Russian Air Force and the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the reb ...

base Klokovo is located nearby. File:LiAZ-5256-bus in Tula.jpg, Bus LiAZ-5256 File:Tramway-tula.jpg, Tram Tatra T3 File:SMU 83-84 Tula.JPG, Tatra T6B5 File:LM-2008 Perekop Tula.JPG, LM-2008 File:Tula Trolleybus 17 2007.jpg, Trolleybus VMZ-5298

Religion

Most of Tula's churches are

Russian Orthodox church The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; ;), also officially known as the Moscow Patriarchate (), is an autocephaly, autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox Christian church. It has 194 dioceses inside Russia. The Primate (bishop), p ...

es. Next in number are

Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

s and

Protestant Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes Justification (theology), justification of sinners Sola fide, through faith alone, the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by unmerited Grace in Christianity, divin ...

s. Other religions present in the city include

Muslims Muslims () are people who adhere to Islam, a Monotheism, monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God ...

Jews Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...

, Hare Krishna,

Buddhists Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE. It is the world's fourth ...

and Taoists. All Orthodox organizations in Tula and the Tula Oblast are under the Diocese of Tula and Yefremov. The oldest churches in Tula include the Saints' Cathedral (built from 1776-1800), the Annunciation Church (1692), and the Assumption Cathedral of the Tula Kremlin (1762-1764). The Shcheglovsky Monastery of Holy Mother of God is also located within the city, built in the mid-19th century and consecrated in 1860. Old Believers' community services are performed in the church of St. John Chrysostom. The only Roman Catholic church in Tula is the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul. Since the 1990s, several Protestant denominations have grown, the largest of which is a

Baptist Baptists are a Christian denomination, denomination within Protestant Christianity distinguished by baptizing only professing Christian believers (believer's baptism) and doing so by complete Immersion baptism, immersion. Baptist churches ge ...

church with a prayer house in Tula. Representatives of other Protestant churches in Tula are Seventh-day Adventists,

Presbyterians Presbyterianism is a historically Reformed Protestant tradition named for its form of church government by representative assemblies of elders, known as "presbyters". Though other Reformed churches are structurally similar, the word ''Pr ...

(Church of the Holy Trinity, The Glorious Jesus the Lord, the Good News), Pentecostals (Tula Christian Center, Church of the New Testament) and other evangelical churches (Word of Life, the Vine Gypsy Church). The city also has a

synagogue A synagogue, also called a shul or a temple, is a place of worship for Jews and Samaritans. It is a place for prayer (the main sanctuary and sometimes smaller chapels) where Jews attend religious services or special ceremonies such as wed ...

and the Jewish Community House.

Sports

In Russian fist fighting, Tula was considered to have some of the most famous fighters. The city

association football Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 Football player, players who almost exclusively use their feet to propel a Ball (association football), ball around a rectangular f ...

club,

FC Arsenal Tula FC Arsenal Tula () is a Russian professional football club from Tula playing in the second-tier Russian First League. Originally founded in 1923, FC Arsenal Tula was promoted to the Russian Premier League in 2014 for the first time in its hi ...

, played in the Russian Premier League in 2014/2015 and 2016/2017 seasons.

People

Arts

(1828-1910), Writer * Leonid Bobylev (born 1949), composer * German Galynin (1922–1966), composer * Vladimir Mashkov (born 1963), theater and film actor and director * Vyacheslav Nevinny (1934–2009), theater and film actor * Maria Ouspenskaya (1876–1949), actress and acting teacher * Vsevolod Sanayev (1912–1996), theater and film actor, acting teacher * Sofia Sotnichevskaya (1916–2011), actress *

Irina Skobtseva Irina Konstantinovna Skobtseva (; 22 August 1927 – 20 October 2020) was a Soviet and Russian actress and second wife of Sergei Bondarchuk. Biography Irina Konstantinovna Skobtseva was born on 22 August 1927 in Tula. Her father was a research ...

(1927–2020), actress * Gleb Uspensky (1843–1901), writer * Vikenty Veresaev (1867–1945), writer * Alexey Vorobyov (born 1988), singer, actor and model * Alexey Goloborodko (born 1994), dance contortionist

Public servants

* Vyacheslav Dudka (born 1960), governor of

(2005–2011) * Vladimir Ivanov (1893–1938), Soviet politician * Yury Afonin, politician * Viktor Ilyich Baranov, Soviet Army lieutenant general * Ivan Bakhtin, governor of the

Kharkov Governorate Kharkov Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (''guberniya'') of the Russian Empire founded in 1835. It embraced the historical region of Sloboda Ukraine. From 1765 to 1780 and from 1796 to 1835 the governorate was called Sloboda Uk ...

Sciences, technologies

Nikolay Artemov Nikolai Mikhaylovich Artemov (; 24 January 1908 – 2 December 2005) was a Soviet Russian physiologist, Doktor Nauk in Biological Sciences (1969), Honorary Professor at the N. I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod. He is known as the f ...

(1908–2005) physiologist * Vladimir Bazarov (1874–1939), philosopher and economist * Vasily Degtyaryov (1880–1949), weapons engineer * Valery Legasov (1936–1988), inorganic chemist * Valery Polyakov (1942-2022), cosmonaut * Ivan Sakharov (1807–1863), folklorist, ethnographer *

Petr Sushkin Petr Petrovich Sushkin (; 27 January 1868 – 17 September 1928) was a Russian and Soviet based ornithologist who specialised on comparative anatomy, and evolution of birds, particularly of the birds of prey. Sushkin was born in Tula, Russia, in ...

(1868–1928),

ornithologist Ornithology, from Ancient Greek ὄρνις (''órnis''), meaning "bird", and -logy from λόγος (''lógos''), meaning "study", is a branch of zoology dedicated to the study of birds. Several aspects of ornithology differ from related discip ...

* Sergei Tokarev (1899–1985), historian, ethnographer

Sports

Ksenia Afanasyeva Ksenia Dmitrievna Afanasyeva (; born 13 September 1991) is a retired Russian artistic gymnast who competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics, 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics. She is the 2011 world champion on Floor (gymnastics), floor exercise, the 2013 ...

(born 1991), Olympic artistic gymnast, world and European champion *

Evgeniya Augustinas Evgeniya Sergeyevna Augustinas (, née Romanyuta; born 22 January 1988 in Tula, Russia, Tula) is a Russian professional racing cyclist, who last rode for UCI Women's Team . Major results Track ;2005 : 2nd Scratch, 2005 UEC European Track Champi ...

(born 1988), racing cyclist, European champion * Ekaterina Gnidenko (born 1992), track cyclist * Yevgeny Grishin (1931–2005), speedskater, Olympic and European champion * Oksana Grishina (born 1968), track cyclist * Irina Kirillova (born 1965), volleyball player, Olympic, world and European champion * Sergei Kopylov (born 1960),

racing cyclist Cycle sport is competitive physical activity using bicycles. There are several categories of bicycle racing including road bicycle racing, cyclo-cross, mountain bike racing, track cycling, BMX, and cycle speedway. Non-racing cycling spo ...

Alexander Kotov Alexander Alexandrovich Kotov (Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Ко́тов; ( – 8 January 1981) was a Soviet chess International Grandmaster, grandmaster and author. He was a Soviet chess champion, a two-time world title Cand ...

(1913–1981),

chess Chess is a board game for two players. It is an abstract strategy game that involves Perfect information, no hidden information and no elements of game of chance, chance. It is played on a square chessboard, board consisting of 64 squares arran ...

player, international grandmaster, SSSR champion, author,

mechanical engineer Mechanical may refer to: Machine * Machine (mechanical), a system of mechanisms that shape the actuator input to achieve a specific application of output forces and movement * Mechanical calculator, a device used to perform the basic operations o ...

* Viktor Kudriavtsev (born 1937),

figure skating Figure skating is a sport in which individuals, pairs, or groups perform on figure skates on ice. It was the first winter sport to be included in the Olympic Games, with its introduction occurring at the Figure skating at the 1908 Summer Olympi ...

coach * Andrey Kuznetsov (born 1991), tennis player * Vladimir Leonov (born 1937),

cyclist Cycling, also known as bicycling or biking, is the activity of riding a bicycle or other types of pedal-driven human-powered vehicles such as balance bikes, unicycles, tricycles, and quadricycles. Cycling is practised around the world fo ...

* Valentina Maksimova (born 1937), track cyclist * Ihor Nadein (1948–2014), football player and coach * Nikolay Novikov, (born 15 May 1946), boxer * Alexandra Obolentseva (born 2001), chess player * Yelena Posevina (born 1986),

rhythmic gymnast Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport in which gymnasts perform individually or in groups on a floor with an apparatus: hoop, ball, clubs, ribbon and rope. The sport combines elements of gymnastics, dance and calisthenics; gymnasts must be strong, fle ...

, Olympic, world and European champion *

Anastasia Voynova Anastasia Sergeyevna Voynova ( rus, Анастасия Сергеевна Войнова, , ɐnəstɐˈsʲijə ˈvojnəvə; born 5 February 1993) is a Russian professional Track cycling, track cyclist. She won the bronze medal in the 2014 UCI Tr ...

(born 1993), racing cyclist, world and European champion

Others

* Nikita Demidov (1656–1725), industrialist, founder of

dynasty

Population

Climate

Tula has a

humid continental climate A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers, and cold ...

, featuring warm summers, and cold, but not particularly severe winters by Russian standards.

Twin towns – sister cities

Tula is twinned with: * Albany, United States *

Barranquilla Barranquilla () is the capital district of the Atlántico department in Colombia. It is located near the Caribbean Sea and is the largest city and third port in the Caribbean region of Colombia, Caribbean coast region; as of 2018, it had a popul ...

, Colombia *

Kerch Kerch, also known as Keriç or Kerich, is a city of regional significance on the Kerch Peninsula in the east of Crimea. It has a population of Founded 2,600 years ago as the Colonies in antiquity#Greek colonies, ancient Greek colony Pantik ...

, Ukraine *

Mogilev Mogilev (; , ), also transliterated as Mahilyow (, ), is a city in eastern Belarus. It is located on the Dnieper, Dnieper River, about from the Belarus–Russia border, border with Russia's Smolensk Oblast and from Bryansk Oblast. As of 2024, ...

, Belarus * Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany

References

Notes

Sources

* * *

External links

Map: Battle of Tula 1941
* {{Use mdy dates, date=August 2011 Tulsky Uyezd Populated places established in the 2nd millennium

Etymology

History

Administrative and municipal status

Mayors

Economy

Armaments industry

Other companies

Culture

Education

Transportation

Religion

Sports

People

Arts

Public servants

Sciences, technologies

Sports

Others

Population

Climate

Twin towns – sister cities

References

Notes

Sources

Further reading

External links